On The Sidewalk Bleeding Essay

On the Sidewalk Bleeding â€Å"On the Sidewalk Bleeding†, by Evan Hunter is a story about a boy from a gang, getting murdered in a dark alley, by members of the rival gang. It is written in the third person omniscient point of view. The story focuses on the theme of realization of one’s true identity. This theme is depicted with the help of several literary devices such as symbolism, to create depth in the meaning of the story, thoughtful use of irony and characterization elements, which create clarity in the readers mind about the characters thoughts and situation. Symbolism plays a major role in highlighting the character’s realization of his true identity as the purple jacket, which is the main symbol in the story, represents labels put on people in society. A young couple sees Andy in pain and the boy rushes towards him but soon denies him help. â€Å"He saw the lettering on the jacket then. THE ROYALS.† shows the reason the couple did not want to get involved. The jacket being a symbol of prejudgment, determines the way society sees Andy. The name on the jacket defines him to the passers by and the person inside does not matter to them. The Royals being written on the jacket causes the couple to rethink the consequences of helping him. Instead of asking him his name or what had happened, they make a judgment that Andy could only mean danger and trouble, because of the gang name on his jacket. The jacket, the symbol of prejudice, leads to his death. Right before he dies â€Å"It seemed very important to him that he take off th e purple jacket.† At this point he realizes that he is dying and needs to be known for who he really is, instead of for the name on his jacket. He comes to realize in his last moments, that his true identity is his own name. Hence he tries to take off the label, literally and metaphorically, that society has given to him. The removal of the jacket symbolizes Andy’s desire and attempt to get rid of the stereotypical label of The Royals and the prejudice that it brings along. However, changing society’s opinion is not easy for Andy. This is seen when â€Å"He lay struggling with the shiny jacket.† The denotation here is shown by the word ‘struggle’. It shows that he cannot remove the jacket as easily, because he is wounded. However the line suggests that, even though Andy desperately tries to get rid of people’s  influenced, prejudiced view of looking at him, he cannot do so very easily. This implies the author’s opinion that society’s prejudiced opinions cannot be easily escaped, and that disposing of the labels one acquires through their life, is a lifelong struggle. T he jacket being the symbol for such labels and prejudice, removing it shows Andy’s realization of his true identity, making clear that he now wants to be known for who he really is, eliminating any influence that the jacket may have. Hunter uses irony to emphasize the contrast between the character’s realization of his true identity and society’s perception of the character. This is shown when readers learn that â€Å"He felt alone.† It is ironic that he feels lonely when the reason for his murder is that he belongs to a gang. Belonging to a large gang which was evidently a great part of his life, and yet being lonely while suffering, suggests that Andy comes to realized that in the long run, he should stand alone, defined by his own individuality. He realizes that ‘The Royals’ was just a name given to the gang and it should not, in any way, influence people’s opinion of him as a person. Another example of irony can be seen in the end of the story when â€Å"He was very close to dying when they found him, he did not want them to say, â€Å"Oh, it’s a Royal.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Royal.† Andy’s last wish is to be recognized as ‘Andy’ and n ot as ‘a Royal’. The fact that he is on the verge of death makes readers believe that he will be granted his dying wish. However, at the end of the story, when cops find his dead body, they do exactly what he is afraid they will do. Andy struggles in his suffering, to remove the jacket in an attempt to eliminate its influence, but in the end ironically, the cop picks it up and refers to him as â€Å"A Royal.† The cop completely ignores the fact that his name is Andy and repeats the title as he writes it down, emphasizing on the ironic idea of society disregarding Andy’s dying attempts to be known as an individual. Dramatic irony is presented when it is said that, â€Å"The jacket was a stupid meaningless thing†. The jacket is described as meaningless when, ironically, the jacket carries tremendous meaning to society as portrayed in the story, being the sole reason of his death. Had he not been wearing the jacket, he would not have been denied help and wouldn’t have been shot in the first place. In this situation, the readers understand a completely different connotation of the jacket compared to the character’s  understanding of its purpose. The jacket symbolizes the prejudgment in society to the readers, while it seemingly carries no meaning to Andy. Such use of irony throughout the story convinces the reader of Andy’s struggle to realize and be recognized for his true identity. The characterization elements used in the story, focusing on Andy’s dynamic character, highlight the theme of realization of one’s true identity. â€Å"Even in his pain, there had been some sort of pride in knowing he was a Royal. Now there was no pride at all.† shows the change in Andy’s thinking, before and after being stabbed. He has always felt proud about being a part of The Royals and had never imagined this. As a result of being assaulted just for being in the gang, he now understood the significance of being known for his true identity rather than as a member of the gang and felt no pride in wearing the title of ‘The Royals’ anymore. His character is seen to have changed significantly as he transitions from being oblivious and proud of the title to being filled with regret and misery. In â€Å"Wondered why the rumbles and the jumps and the purple jacket has always seemed so important to him before. Now they seemed like such small thin gs in a world he was missing.† readers understand that not only has Andy changed his attitude towards the jacket and the title, but also his perspective of the world has changed. At first he is so proud and taken up by the fact that he is part of a famous gang, that he forgets to appreciate or even notice the other things in the world. After lying on the sidewalk, dying, he realizes that there is much more to life than gang brawls and jackets with titles. It is seen that had he lived, he would have changed the way he lived. His character changes from a materialistic, proud teenager to a more mature, aware and perceptive human being, desperate to live. Andy comes to doubt the meaning of his title, â€Å"He was a Royal. There had been meaning to the title†¦ he wondered about the meaning. If he died he was Andy. He was not a Royal.† Initially the jacket means everything to Andy. He mentions how ecstatic he was when The Royals accepted him. He now understood that it was all over and that the title was now worth nothing. He wanted to be known as Andy before and after his death. He himself was proud of being A Royal and recognized himself as one. However as he dies, he realizes that he was more than just ‘A Royal’ and wanted everyone to know that. He was no more proud or infatuated by the  titl e and appreciated his true identity, which was his name. Andy’s character changes in many ways through the course of the story, the main change being recognizing the importance of his individuality, as he understands the prejudice that exists against the gangs in society. The characterization elements help readers see this dynamic character, giving a better understanding of Andy’s realization of his true identity. The theme of realization of one’s true identity is successfully presented through the use of symbolism, irony and characterization elements. The jacket symbolizes the prejudgment in society, marking its removal as a turning point in Andy’s discovery of his individuality. Irony shows the contrast between the character’s changing feelings and the reality. Characterization elements portray the character as a dynamic character that changes drastically in terms of thoughts, feelings and perspective, by the end of the story. These literary devices help readers understand the theme of realization of one’s true identity.

He-y Come on Ou-t analysis Essay

In the short story â€Å"He-y Come on Ou-t† the hole symbolizes an easy solution for a big problem. People used this hole to dump their waste, and fears into it. They used it to dispose unwanted materials, and at the same time to bring money into the city by charging others to dump their waste into it. The hole also symbolizes the people’s ignorance as well, people do not fully understand what this big dark gaping space is, and that it could harm the Earth in many possible ways, yet they still use it for their own good. The hole is a positive thing, because people learn from experience, and that hole taught the people that every action has a consequence and that everything comes around again in some way. This hole also shows how people won’t always get away with something bad they have done. The hole swallows all the sin people have done, and gives them some peace of mind. I would sure like to use one of these phenomenon’s, but if I do many other people will, and later on the world will lack a lot of things. This hole is sure useful at times, but it will reflect on the world and the environment, because everything has its bad and it’s good. Almost everything we use is recycled or some parts of it are taken to do and produce something else. Some things do not naturally occur, so when people start getting rid of materials and things that they think are useless, we will be short on a lot of things in the upcoming centuries. Not all people are geniuses or aware of what the things they are using is made out of. Even if this hole will be used for a good cause, and to save our environment instead of burning garbage, dead animal bodies, etc. there are still many other ways to do such things in a safer way without risking our environment. We live in an uncontrolled world; if such thing existed some people will manage to find a way to use it to harm our environment. We shouldn’t take the easy way out in everything, but think and solve the problem once and for all.

Tourism system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism system - Assignment Example 3. Build comprehensive and well organized tourism park that will satisfy the needs of tourists while ensuring that the economic returns are used to benefit the local community as well as contribute towards the maintenance of the wider system. 4. The roads in the area will be developed to make the area accessible from other areas of the country. Development of these roads will enhance public transport as well as private transport. This will be done in consideration of the environments so that it may not have negative impact on the immediate environment. 6. The developments will be done with respect to the immediate environment such that they will complement rather than detract it. They should be designed in a manner that they will have positive impact upon the landscape, the historical setting and upon ecology. Sterling Bay’s tourism product should include activities in which tourists can participate, good infrastructure, tourists’ security, and other services. All these are attainable because the natural environment is appealing, the local community is friendly and has a well developed culture, and has a stable political environment. These are the success factors that are key to easy implementation and development of tourism in the area. Sterling Bay has nature attraction sites which include underground caves and marine parks. To complement these, this plan suggests a range of other facilities which include a golf course and arenas for beach volleyball. For the tourists who enjoy special qualities of the landscape, Sterling Bay has a hill, a forest, and limestone caves. Clean water is ideal for recreation and tourism industry because it accentuates aquatic ecosystems such as coral reef and limestone caves such as the ones along Sterling Bay beach, and beautiful beaches. Water has a powerful attraction to human beings such that when they are planning for vacations and holiday getaways, they have a tendency to head towards the

Pros and Cons of using open source software to secure your network Essay

Pros and Cons of using open source software to secure your network - Essay Example This is so to guarantee unlimited access to derived works by original contributors. Examples of open source software in the contemporary world include the operating system Linux, Firefox, GIMP, Sugar CRM, Vtiger, Zurmo, and Suite CRM. People generally develop open source software to gain recognition and plaudits, enhance the product and to increase its longevity (Feller, 2005). With the huge number of organizations, governments and businesses using open source software such as the ones listed above, it has become evident that the free/ fair/ lower prices of the software is not the only advantage the use of these software bring. Along with reduced cost of spending and management of such software, there are a plethora of other benefits concerning the use of open source software. The first of these benefits is the superior security that is associated with open source software. An instance that proves this higher security status is a recent happening where coverity of numerous defects of the Android kernel was discovered. The only reason this discovery was possible is because the kernel code is open to the view of the general public. Basically therefore, the implications of open source software is that the more people who can see and test a set of codes, the higher the chances that flaws will be discovered and quickly corrected. This is what is termed the Linu x law which asserts that, given sufficient eye balls, all bugs are shallow. Open source software kinds are continuously evolving and upgrading the system. The markets appreciate product robustness and open source software facilitates a larger market of early adopters (compared to those of closed source software/ proprietary kind) who actively aid in debugging the software. In essence, therefore, open source software grows much faster in the early stages of development/ introduction into the market (Feller, 2005). Closed

Research paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research paper - Case Study Example For each of these diseases a physical examination will have to be done to achieve a proper diagnosis of each. A 16-year-old female (Jesse) presented with her mother (Mrs. B.) at the doctor’s office. Jesse states that the following subjective symptoms that she is experiencing included feeling extremely tired and fatigued, lack of appetite. In fact, she appears to have ‘tomato red cheeks’ as if someone slapped her. She also states that she has had a fever for the past 24 hours. According to the Mrs. B, she gave her daughter Tylenol for the fever, and noted that it was effective for a short period. She also revealed that they had just moved to California three months ago. Moreover, the patient had recently begun working as a teacher’s helper in a preschool. At the school a number of students had not reported to school due to a rash outbreak. In addition, Jesse also revealed that she had her period (menses) one week ago. Her mother asks a question about her own health for she happens to be five months pregnant. The three differential diagnoses that this patient could be suffering from are Mononucleosis, Fifth Disease, and Kawasaki’s Disease. This 16 year old female is exhibiting prodromal symptoms (symptoms that occur before the actual onset of the disease) of these three diseases. Three Differential Diagnoses for this Patient Diagnosis- Characterized by malaise, anorexia, chills and fever which is a prodromal symptom, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. Occasionally, the disorder comes on abruptly with high fever. Seek help when severe pharyngitis lasts for five to seven days. Only 90% of patients suffer from lymphadenopathy even though the patient shows no signs at this moment. Rashes that appear look like Rubella when it may appear. Although the disease is common with teenagers it also affects the elderly and the symptoms and management are the same. Screening- Most

From the decade of 1990s Nike Inc is facing criticisms from different Essay

From the decade of 1990s Nike Inc is facing criticisms from different human rights organizations and government bodies - Essay Example Nike management is using the sweatshops for manufacturing of the products where the labor law is violated. The manufacturing units of Nike are mainly in the Asian countries like China, Vietnam, Indonesia etc where they can get labor in a relatively lower cost, also they are getting free trade zones there. The minimum wages law is violated there as well as the working conditions are poor there. Some media have also proved that the working conditions are not standard in Nike factories. Also there were claims that Nike is using child labors. Nike is using forced labor as reported by different media. Recently in July, 2011 an article claimed that Nike the employees of Nike factory abused by the supervisors constantly. So the main problem is that Nike management has failed to ensure a standard human resource policy in the company. Problem Symptoms The problem symptoms are as follows: Certain reports are claiming that Nike is not sticking to a standard human resource policy from the 1990s. Some customers are avoiding Nike on morale ground as they are violating the labor law continuously. Problem Statement As in the manufacturing Factories Nike Inc is violated the labor laws, the human resource organizations and the government bodies are protesting this in different countries as well as some customer started to avoid the products in a morale ground. Part B The Problem Nike Inc, a major manufacturer of apparel and sports equipment is violating the labor laws in its manufacturing factories which are situated mainly in the Asian countries. As the labors are not treated well in the factories so the international media is continuously focusing on this matter. They have collected some proves which made clear the fact that Nike is violating the labor laws really. Several issues are against the company, because of which some consumers also avoid using the products of Nike on the moral ground. Fishbone Diagram Key Findings From the fishbone diagram it has been found that sever al factors are there and because of all these Nike was able to violate the labor laws from the 1990s. The main factor is the management. The human resource policy of the management is below standard, which causes the problem mainly. Moreover the long term strategy of the company is not good at all. If the company continues this type of labor policy then the company can’t make profit in the long term. The government of the respective countries is also responsible for this situation. Nike is continuing this practice from the 1990s, but the respective governments have not taken such hard step so that the company will think about the matter seriously. The government has made the trade free zones for the foreign companies, and it is attractable for the companies as they can do business in low cost. They can also get low cost

Credit scoring model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Credit scoring model - Coursework Example As a way of solving classification issues and also decreases Type I errors, typical of many credit scoring models, this piece attempts to describe or rather come up with an appropriate credit scoring model via two stages. Classification stage involves development and construction of an ANN-based credit scoring model, which basically classifies applicants into two categories, which are, those who have acceptable credit (good) and those who have unacceptable credit (bad). In the second stage, which will also be referred to as the re-assigning stage, attempt is made to lower Type I error through reassignment of the unaccepted applicants with good credit to a conditionally accepted category making use of a CBR-based classification approach. In a bid to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper, an analysis is run on a German dataset with assistance of SAS Enterprise Miner. The results will be expected to not only prove that the model is a more effective credit sco ring model but that it will also enhance the business revenues through its ability to lower both Type I and Type II error system scoring errors. Introduction Data mining is a process that involves search and analysis of data so as to find implicit, although substantially vital information. It covers selection, exploration and modeling of large data volumes with the aim of uncovering previously unrecognized patterns, and in the end generate understandable information, from huge databases. It generally employs an extensive range of computational techniques which include approaches such as statistical analysis, decision trees analysis, neural networks review, rule induction and refinement approach, as well as graphic visualization. Of the various mentioned methods, the classification aspect has an important role in decision making within businesses mainly as a result of the extensive applications when it comes to financial forecasting, detection of fraud, development of a marketing str ategy, credit scoring, to mention just but a few. The aim of developing credit scoring models is to assist financial institutions to detect good credit applicants who are more likely to honor their debt obligation. Often such systems are based on multiple variables including the applicant’s age, their credit limit, income levels, as well as marital status, among others. Conventionally, there are many distinct credit scoring models which have been developed by financial as well as researchers in a bid to unravel the mysteries behind classification problem. Such include linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, classification, as well as regression tree, case based reasoning, and of course the artificial neural networks. Normally, linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and artificial neural networks are utilized in construction of credit scoring models. LDA is amongst the earliest forms of credit scoring model and e njoy widespread usage across the globe. Nonetheless, its use has often been subjected to criticism based on its assumption of existence of a linear relationship between the input variables and the output variables. Sadly, this is an assumption that seldom holds, and is rather sensitive to deviations arising from assumption of multivariate normality (West, 2000). Like LDA, LR is also a rather common alternative employed in performance of credit scoring assessments. In essence, the LR model has stood out as the best

Animals abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animals abuse - Research Paper Example Different people have different perspectives regarding this issue. Therefore, perception and attitudes towards this issue has been reflected in this research paper. Lastly, some solutions have been provided to overcome this ongoing issue. Animal abuse is referred to the human infliction of harm or suffering upon non-human animals, for purposes that are other than survival or self-defense. Majority of the cases related to animal abuse signifies the purpose of specific gain or violent nature of humans against animals. Animal rearing and killing of animals for obtaining food and fur also fall under the category of animal abuse. Based on several research reports and statistical data on animal abuse, it has been clear that on average every 30 seconds crime against animal is reported. The most terrifying fact is that majority of animal abuse related crimes go unreported, which signifies the inhuman nature of people. This research paper supports the thesis statement. Recent animal abuse statistics express a depressing and grave scenario to the suffering of animals by humans on a broader perspective. In the rural as well as the urban areas animals are tortured greatly and they are considered as normal in the eyes of people. Most of the animal abuse crimes go unreported, which shows the negligence against animals’ torture that is made by people. There are mainly two types of animal abuses i.e. active cruelty and passive cruelty. Passive cruelty has been very common form of animal abuse and it is includes lack of action from preventing suffering and pain of animals (Flynn 87. On the other hand active cruelty is the kind of animal abuse wherein humans cause trouble to animals intentionally, for a specific cause or for fun and amusement. Animal abuse has developed on a large scale as the requirement of meat and animal fur has increased rapidly in the world. The most common victims of animal abuse are dogs and cats. Based on an animal abuse sur vey conducted

Jack London and His Wild Side Essay Example for Free

Jack London and His Wild Side Essay Many of Jack Londons novels have the unique characteristic of portraying survival of the fittest, the humanizing of animals, and a contrast of savagery and civility in their protagonists. Subsistence was the number one priority for heroes and villains in many of Londons books. This quest for existence and life was a difficult one in the harsh environments Jack London favored as settings in his books. Therefore survival of the fittest was the law and it sparked the transitions between savagery and civility in its wake. Those affected were traditionally the lone animal heroes prevalent as protagonists in Londons works. To portray these characters, the humanizing of them was a necessary and well-employed tactic that London also utilizes to hold the readers interest. As most of Londons works take place in the wild, it is only natural that his heroes and heroines should be individualists to be able to survive. They challenge the wrath of nature, and those who are strong enough generally live (Ludington). Although the natural world plays a grim role in Londons works, it plays no favorites, and requires those existing in it to meet its demands. This proves to be a central conflict and consistent theme in many works. To Build a Fire demonstrates the conflict of Man versus Naturereveal[ing] Londons sense of the awesome appearance of Nature, sometimes harsh but always impressive (McEwen). On Londons famous novel, White Fang, Earle Labor comments it is structured on ideas rather than upon myth, [it] is a sociological fable intended to illustrate Londons theories of environmentalism (79). Londons works focused on what he considered his philosophy of life. Through his canine protagonists in The Call of the Wild and other books, he expresses the themes of survival, courage, strength, determination, and respect for the truth (McEwen). Jack Londons so-called Klondike Heroes were an independent but still compassionate group who showed respect to the eternal laws of nature and to the overwhelming presence of conscience (Labor 50). Those who took to these values and lived by them at the very least survived, and at the most became leaders of their surroundings. In The Call of the Wild, Buck is snatched from an easy life and submitted to brutal treatment and a harsh environment in the Klondike, [and only] survives because he is the superior individual (Ludington). The dogs learned that kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law. Almost above these laws is Buck. When he was made, the mould was broke, says Pete, a sleigh driver in the book (Ashley). The dog was not instantly a leader however, he first overcomes terrible hardships and falls into brutal skirmishes with both men and other animals, displaying the level of courage and cunning required in Jack Londons philosophy to become a hero (McEwen). Among the lessons learned by Buck are treachery and nobility, faithfulness unto death, and a conviction that moral nature is a vain thing and a handicap in the ruthless struggle for existence' (Ashley). Part I of The Call of the Wild, the most naturalisticsection of the book, deals with physical violence and amoral survival of the dogs which paves the way for their progression into the heroes that London wished to portray them as (Labor 73). In Londons book The Sea Wolf, Wolf Larsen is an arrogant individualist who survives for awhile on an island without many provisions. Though he later perishes, supposedly as an indirect result of his moral flaws, his prolonged existence on the island can only be attributed to his admiral strength and skill- two characteristics that London holds in high esteem (Ludington). These are, however, not the only traits necessary to survive in a harsh environment as London stresses in In a Far Country. Survival of the fittest is expressed as not only a matter of physical fitness, but also of ethical integrity (Labor 53). Individualism, though sometimes detrimental to the character, is also a major theme in many of Londons works. Few persons who have ever encountered his work can totally forgetthe lost miner who wanders across the Arctic waste land in a nightmarish odyssey of starvation and exposure, sustained solely by an incredible will to live; or either of the magnificent dogs: Buck, captivated by the call of the Northland Wild, and White Fang, tamed by the loving-kindness of a gentler master. (Labor 49) Wolf Larsen, in The Sea Wolf, goes beyond survival to domination. He is the captain and master of his vessel and its crew. What gets in his way goes overboard whether its a scullion or his first mate. Larsens motives of ambition and absolute superiority dominate his character to form a totally different connection between him and his pack than did Buck with his (Sandburg 30). Another dominant theme in Londons works is the humanizing of animals. By giving animals characteristics of a man, basically personifying them, London makes it easier and more enjoyable for the reader to relate to the animals situation. His ability to have the reader connected with creatures, to have the reader peer into their minds and hearts, makes their struggles, triumphs, and defeats all the more poignant (McEwen). Both The Call of the Wild and White Fang are beast fables because they provoke peoples interest -whether we know it or not- in the human experience, not in the plight and hardships of lower animals (Labor 69). Buck, in The Call of the Wild, takes on an almost human personality, not because of his actions or thoughts but because the reader can see his thoughts and understand his actions (McEwen). The difference is [the books] radical departure from the conventional animal story in style and substance- the manner in which it is overdetermined in its multilayered meaning, letting readers understand the dogs better than they may understand themselves (Labor 72). Not only are dogs humanized in Londons canine novels, but the humans are significantly de-humanized. This personification of animals gives them very flexible personalities than those of the humans, which tend to lack depth. This reversal of roles makes it entirely possible for the dogs, which are even given names, to be characters in the sense that the humans of the novels will never achieve. Even Judge Miller, by whose Santa-Clara, California, fireside the young Buck lay in innocence and peace before he was dognapped, has more of a function than a character at all. The humans in The Call of the Wild such as John Thornton, Black Burton, and other bad guys are stock characters for which the reader provides their qualities from other reading rather than discover them in the novel (Ashley). The only real character is the dog who displays the humility and natural wisdom which the man fatally lacks: Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the mans judgementThe dog did not know anythingBut the brute had its instinct (Labor 64). Perhaps the most dominant and glaringly obvious message in Londons work is the conflict of savagery versus civility and the transgressions and progressions between the two. In a letter Jack London wrote to George Brett in 1904, explained the plan behind his book White Fang. He decided to compose a complete antithesis and companion book: Im going to reverse the process. Instead of devolution or decivilization of a dog, Im going to give evolution, the civilization of a dog- development of domesticity, faithfulness, love, morality, and all the amenities and virtues (Labor 78-79). The noble dogs in White Fang and The Call of the Wild revolt against their roots. White Fang shifts from an untamed life in the wild to one of civilization, while Buck eventually turns on his domestic background towards the wilderness (McEwen). The law of club and fang present in many of Londons wilderness novels is approached and embraced by Buck and cast away for a tamer life by White Fang (Ashley). The Call of the Wild is a study of one of the most curious and profound motives that plays hide-and-seek in the human soul. The more civilized we become the deeper is the fear that back in barbarism is something of the beauty and joy of life we have not brought along with us (Sandburg 29). So it is in fact, not all transgression for Buck, he gains something a domestic being could never achieve. On the other hand, White Fang, too, involves contrasting values: life, love, civilization, the Southland; and the protagonist dogs progression towards these (Labor 79). Although the most noticeable transformations in Londons novels are in that of animals, the civil to savage metamorphosis is well-developed in humans too (McEwen). Among [Londons] various studies of the Northnothing will set you thinking about how far the human race has progressed, the gulf between savagery and civilization, than the tale of Nam Bok the Unveracious. (Sandburg 29). In Nam Bok the Unveracious, Nam Bok, after an absence of many years returns to his isolated fishing village on the shores of Alaska. Late into the night they talk, and Nam Bok, who has been to California, tells them he has been upon a boat larger than all the boats of the village in one; he describes the sails of the vessel and the avers it made head against the wind as well as with it; he describes an iron monster that sped upon two streaks of iron faster than the wind, was fed up on black stones, coughed fire, and shrieked louder than thunder. Early the next morning he is informed that his sense of truth is mournfully degenerate. Their message runs this wise: Thou art from the shadow-land, O Nam Bok. With us thou canst stay. Thou must return whence thou camest, to the land of the shadows. So much for Nam Bok. (30) The raging forces of human and natural forces that battle in these works erode the layers of civilization to reveal the glimpse of the most primeval impulses inherent in men and their environments (McEwen). When a being is thrust into an unfamiliar environment, it must learn to adapt to and coexist with everything around it. In The Sea Wolf, Wolf Larsen eventually dies despite his strength and skills; he was an utterly egotistical an immoral character on an isolated island. Londons point was that Wolf could not have survived in a modern society with the traits he possessed. Buck, on the other hand, is returned to the wild from a tamed existence. He eventually joins a pack of wolves, but he is at the head because of the combination of intelligence he gained in the civilized world and the strength he acquired as part of his transgression to primeval instinct and the wild (Ludington). Even when ill treatment has the adverse affect of not taming Buck but sparking his change, he shows what dog (and man) can do to get past its hardships and become a leader (Ashley). His mistreatment was not the only factor in Bucks transformation, the sense of a call back to nature and her primal sanities is felt by even the rankest degenerate, this is the cal of the wild (Sandburg 29). And with a fitting ending, The Call of the Wild closes: When the long winter nights come on and the wolves follow their meat into the lower valleys, he may be seen running at the head of the pack through the pale moonlight or glimmering borealis, leaping gigantic above his fellows, his great throat a-bellow as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack. (Ashley) Throughout these novels, there can be seen a pattern of the same prevalent three prevalent themes. Each interrelated with one another, forming the same types of scenarios, and the same consistent fantastic plots that made Londons works famous. The main characters discovery of themselves sets in motion the readers own self-discovery. The fact that this lesson lies in the lives of canines and not other humans is the true test of Londons ability to humanize animals. In the end this combination forms for a more potent emotional attachment to these dogs than to any other type of fictional character. All these attest to Londons novels being viewed as timeless classics. Works Cited Ashley, Leonard R. N. The Call of The Wild: Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. [Galenet] Labor, Earle. Jack London. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1974. Ludington, Townsend. Jack London: Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed Jim Kamp. St. James Press, 1994. [Galenet] McEwen, Fred. Jack London: Overview. Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers. 1st ed. Ed Lauren Sandley Berger. St. James Press, 1994. [Galenet] Sandburg, Charles A. Jack London: A Common Man. Critical Essays on Jack London. By Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1983.

Study Of Variable Valve Timing Engineering Essay

Study Of Variable Valve Timing Engineering Essay Variable Valve Timing is a mechanism in which the lift, duration or timing of either the intake or exhaust valves or both can be altered in several combinations during engine operation. This is not possible for an engine with fixed intake and exhaust valves. An engine with VVT installed helps in improving engine performance over a wider range of the engine operating spectrum. In this paper, the effect of VVTs on gasoline as well as diesel engines were discussed and also compared to their series counterparts. For a diesel engine, it was observed that with the introduction of a VVT, higher fuel-line and combustion pressures were achieved with inadvertently led to a better engine performance along with lower smoke density and higher torque at low speeds. Minute variations in CO, NOx and PM emissions were observed. However at full-load operation, NOx emissions had increased marginally. In the case of the gasoline engine, it was observed that there wasnt any significant improvement in the CO and NOx emissions. However, the engine torque had increased particularly at low speeds and at partial load. This was complimented by a decrease in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc). INTRODUCTION The valves in 4-Stroke IC Engines are mostly spring operated [1]. The opening and closing of these valves is governed by the crankshaft which is connected to the valves through an intermediary camshaft which is attached to every valve through a cam. The amount of fuel that enters the combustion chamber is dependent upon valve timing. The camshaft is connected to the crankshaft by using any one of gears, chains or belts. In conventional engines without VVT, the cam lobe shape and position as well as it profile are tuned for a particular engine speed and this usually compromises high-end torque or low-end power. However, with the introduction of VVT, the cam characteristics, e.g. timing, can be altered. Thus, this allows for better engine efficiency and power at variable engine speeds [2]. This is useful especially at high speed operation where a car requires more air in order to deliver the required power. If lesser amount of air were to be entered at high speeds, there would a considerable decrease in performance. However, if the valves were to be kept open for a longer duration, there would be a case of incomplete combustion inside the combustion chamber at low speeds since the pressure required to attain proper combustion of fuel is insufficient. This again results in reduced engine performance as well as an increase in fuel emissions [2]. Modern emission regulations set by various governments have forced several manufacturers to adopt VVT in their engines. Most of the current car manufacturers have adopted VVT engine systems. The popular VVT mechanisms are classified into purely mechanical, electro-mechanical and hydraulic. Purely mechanical VVT systems are further classified into Oscillating Cam, Eccentric Cam Drive, Three-Dimensional Cam Lobe and Two Shaft Combined Profile [2]. TYPES OF VVTs Purely Mechanical In this type of VVT, the valve timing is operated by mechanical means. It is further subdivided into: Oscillating Cam This method involves using either a conventional cam lobe or an eccentric and connecting rod which generates oscillatory motion on part cam lobe which is connected to the follower and thus, the valve. The part lobe is made up of a section each of base circle and lobe flank. The position of the part cam lobe can be varied depending on whether zero lift and zero position are required in which case the part cam lobe is completely base circle. The exact opposite situation is maximum duration at full lift in which case it is fully flank. BMWs Valvetronic, Toyota Valvematic( both conventional) and Nissan VVEL( eccentric and connecting rod) are variations of this method. The Valvetronic is very dependable however the lift duration is dependent on amount of lift. Hence its only used on intake valves. The Valvematic and the VVEL are more compact while delivering the same performance as the Valvetronic [2]. Eccentric Cam Drive The Rover Company is the only company in history to have ever used this version of VVT. In this method, an eccentric disc mechanism is used which can vary the angular speed of the cam. The lesser the angular speed, the greater the duration of lift. The disadvantage of this method is that its expensive as each valve requires its own controller [2]. Three-Dimensional Cam Lobe This system comprises of an axially elongated cam lobe which has shorter duration profile and a greater duration profile at either ends. Thus, valve lift duration can be varied by tilting the cam lobe axially. However, such a system requires the follower to tilt in various directions as the lobe flanks of the cam lobe are not parallel to the axis of rotation of the camshaft. This problem has never been rectified which is why its not used commercially [2]. Two Shaft Combined Profile In this system, two closely arranged camshafts are used. The angular positions of the camshaft with respect to the crankshaft can be arranged by using a phasing mechanism. A follower connects both camshafts and is operated by the two lobes simultaneously. The two lobes are used for the intake and exhaust valves respectively. The disadvantage of this system is that the settings on one lobe may affect the other thus tampering the entire system. It has yet to be used commercially [2]. Electro-mechanical Camless engines use this type of VVT in which the valve opening and closing is achieved by using electro-magnets. The disadvantages of this systems are : deceleration of the valve is hard to achieve, springs used in the valves have to adjusted to the smallest of margins and finally, the use of electromagnets reduces the engine efficiency [2]. Hydraulic Another system developed as an alternative to cam engines. In this system, the pressure of the liquid is used to activate valves. However, this system has its disadvantages. The energy required to operate a highly active hydraulic system under different circumstances is very high. The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid can vary over different temperatures. The use of springs deters high engine speed generation. The adequate operation of this system requires the aid of powerful computers and accurate sensors [2]. GASOLINE ENGINES WITH VVT INSTALLED VVT was installed in a gasoline engine and it was observed that for optimal performance, the inlet valve the inlet valve closing(IC) and the exhaust valve(EC) opening periods have to be optimised. The maximum temperature and pressure obtained in the combustion chamber is a result of IC optimisation. Optimal timing for each valve is dependent on engine speed. This characteristic is shown for both IC and EO at part load as well as full load through figures 1 and 2. C:UsersUSERDesktopoptimal EO vs engine speed.png Figure 1 Optimal EO Vs Engine Speed[3] C:UsersUSERDesktopOptimal IC vs engine speed.png Figure 2 Optimal IC Vs Engine Speed[3] Figures 3,4,5 and 6 compare Torque produced, bsfc, CO emissions and NOx emissions respectively for a normal engine and an engine with VVT installed at full load. C:UsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed, full load petrol.png Figure 3 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load C:UsersUSERDesktopbsfc vs engine speed,full load petrol.png Figure 4 bsfc vs Engine Speed at full load[3] C:UsersUSERDesktopCO emissions vs engine speed, full load petrol.png Figure 5 CO emissions Vs Engine Speed at full load [3] C:UsersUSERDesktopCO emissions vs engine speed, full load petrol.png Figure 6 NOx emissions Vs Engine Speed at full load [3] Its observed that VVT has little or no effect on the CO or NOx emissions. However, the torque produced has increased by 6% accompanied by a bsfc decrease of 2% [3]. Similarly at part load, the torque produced, bsfc, CO and NOx emissions were compared for both engines and the results are indicated in figures 7,8,9 and 10 respectively. C:UsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed, part load petrol.png Figure 7 Torque produced vs Engine Speed at part load[3] C:UsersUSERDesktopbsfc vs engine speed, part load petrol.png Figure 8 bsfc vs Engine Speed at part load [3] C:UsersUSERDesktopCO emissions vs engine speed, part load petrol.png Figure 9 CO emissions Vs Engine Speed at part load [3] C:UsersUSERDesktopNOx emissions vs engine speed, part load petrol.png Figure 10 Nox emissions Vs Engine Speed at part load [3] At partial load, its observed that the torque increases by 4% and 3% when the engine is rotating at 2000rpm and 5000rpm respectively complemented by a bsfc decrease of 6% and 14%. The main advantage of the VVT for a gasoline engine is maximum torque can be achieved at a lower speed of rotation [3]. DIESEL ENGINES WITH VVT INSTALLED There are a number of factors which have hampered the research of VVT in diesel engines. Two of those factors are the complexity of VVT technology and the rapid evolution of diesel engine technology. Due to the lean nature of air fuel mixture, diesel engines emit much less CO as compared to their gasoline counterparts. This is because of the absence of unburnt hydrocarbons in the mixture. However, due to higher temperatures involved in diesel engines owing to higher compression ratios, NOx are much more prominent as compared to gasoline engines [4]. Since diesel engines operate under higher compression ratios, the gap between the valves and the top of the piston at Top Dead Centre (TDC) is very minimal. Therefore, the VVT has to be designed such that there is no contact between the valves and the piston. Figure 11 shows the variation of torque with engine speed by only varying the inlet valve closing C:UsersUSERDesktoptorque vs speed, IC diesel.png Figure 11 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load with inlet valve closing control [4] It is observed particularly at low engine speeds that the maximum torque increases at low speeds. In this case, there was a 6% increase in torque at 1000rpm and 8% increase at 1600rpm. A similar pattern is observed by controlling the exhaust valve opening (EO) as well as the combined control of EO and IC. This is indicated in figures 12 13 repectively. C:UsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed EO diesel.png Figure 12 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load with EO control [4] C:UsersUSERDesktopTorque vs engine speed EO,IC- diesel.png Figure 13 Torque Vs Engine Speed at full load by controlling EO IC At part load is was observed that by closing the inlet valve before Bottom Dead Centre (BDC), the bsfc had reduced [4]. Figure 14 shows the effect of IC timing on effective compression ratio after the installation of VVT. C:UsersUSERDesktopCompression ratio IC- diesel.png Figure 14 Effect Of IC Timing On Effective Compression Ratio [4] It is clear from figure 14 that by advancing the IC after BDC the compression ratio increases inside the combustion chamber. CONCLUSION The need for Variable Valve Timing has been discussed in detail. The various types of VVTs popularly have been discussed briefly. Most of modern vehicles use VVTs mainly due to legislation. The effect of using VVT in a gasoline as well as a diesel engine was analysed and explained accordingly. It was noticed that though there wasnt any appreciable decrease in emissions, the maximum torque produced was attained at a lower speed compared to their series counterparts. Also, the bsfc in both cases had been reduced.

The Handmaids Tale And The Clockwork Orange

The Handmaids Tale And The Clockwork Orange The manipulation of language in the The Handmaids Tale is seen as chilling, satirical and suspenseful. This dystopian fiction portrays both the cultural construction of female identity and with different historical interpretations in which is in relation to. The theme of objectification of women seems prominent in the society of Gilead. With the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and deaths becoming more prominent, the government took action. They objectified women by exploiting them and using them to create more children in the world by using them for sexual breeding. Ruth Cosstick reviews the book The Handmaids Tale and quoted the misuse of the environmental and human resources at the disposal of todays culture. This shows that Ruth Cosstick thought the novel was the misuse of women in society and should be a direct warning to the future of women. The use of language and the perception of this let the audience see how Offred lost her birth name and everything in life and how s he succumbs, as she is considered as property. The strengths of these interpretations are that we are able to see the severity of what is happening to Offred and we can clearly see the effect that they have on her and as the reader we can relate or feel the emotions of her character. The weaknesses of these interpretations are that not all of them are clear in perceiving the message, as Atwood would have preferred. These are effective in making more awareness. The manipulative language has been carefully selected to represent women and who they are. It has been cultivated around symbolism such as the colours. The most prominent of colours is red in which are the gowns used by the Handmaids to define that they are part of that culture and is worn daily. The use of red is to portray the blood of birth, which in contrast for Atwood, is a positive correlation with the women of the society in the futuristic totalitarian theocracy. The colour can also be seen as a negative correlation to the women and show more emotion of how they are feeling, this could portray sadness, unhappiness, depression and anger for women who are seen as the victim. This could be seen as a ploy for wanting some normality in her life, Im ravenous for news, any kind of news; even if its false news †¦ this quotation conveys her desperation for something new to happen and to know more. She is ravenous, in this quote, because she has got to hear news and due to her bein g so isolated, she is unable to hear much or have much of a life outside of being a handmaid. This also portrays a sense of desperation and entrapment in this life that she has and theyre maybe no going back. Many of the accounts through the novel are verbalized from the past and present. It is told as if you are inside her head and see everything from a first person point of view. Its a reconstruction, in my head †¦ although we see the reconstruction of her memories, we see to what extend it has caused. Although she is the narrator of the novel, she has no sense of individuality as she was stripped of her identity. This is done through the objectification of women in the 1960s in which the inspiration came from. Also the fact that women were the inferior ones and men took advantage of women as they had the social and political power of women. This is effective because we are then able to see the different views that Atwood was trying to portray and give meanings which are shaped around the language in which Atwood chose. The manipulation of language portrays this with her name Offred meaning un-women showing how she, herself, lost all sense of personality as if it was taken away fro m her. Due to the social order of women being undermined by males, she is seen as property but has one purpose. We see that she The accepted response is given but we can see that Atwood as given a short sentence showing dominance over her and being accepted as being a victim. The use of the game scrabble and her vocabulary becomes prominent in her using this to try and cover up her pain and anger towards what she has been subjected to. We see the attempt of her trying to change the tone by adding in little hints such as Flowers which can be seen as an attempt by Plath to see that she maybe struggling but is trying to get through it as best as she can. Scrabble can also be seen as a very intellectual game with a lot of use of the brain, and the fact that Offred is holding all these feelings back and using Scrabble to distract her from the horror of what is going on around her. The use of weaving in and out of the story and telling it through Offreds tale is the most powerful use language in the novel. The effect of this narrative in the novel is that not all that is told is truth. The scarce information and knowledge of the tale put with Offreds story shows a more depicted story line with gaps but a more enticing story. But with this we see a very dissimilar narrative rather than a straightforward narrative. This is due to her straying of topic from time to time such as talking about flowers and asking rhetorical questions which may not be even remotely related to one another and the use of a certain manner shows this with her being more intellectual and careful of how she portrays herself in the novel. This is an effective use of manipulating language because we are able to see how she is reacting to what the government and have subjected to her and we are able to sympathize with the character Offred as though she is living through a rare life experience. In contrast to the Clockwork Orange, the language is presented also as very dominating and powerful as Burgess is introducing a whole new language to the reader. The manipulation to the reader of this new language is very enticing but it gives us more in depth understanding of the violence and feelings towards the protagonist and as to why he commits the crimes and to the extent of why he does. This is very effective of Burgess to use in manipulating language through a new language (Nadsat) is because we see in the novel a delinquent protagonist with moral views that cause the crimes that he commits, but with him being fluent in the language, we are able to see a different intelligent side to Alex which portrays to the reader as very different from first impressions when beginning the novel. This is effective because we are able to see what his emotions are and the stages he goes through to commit the crimes. With the use of archaic Russian, English, American slang, parts of the Jacobean prose, and gypsy language, Burgess is able to cleverly construct a fluent language (Nadsat meaning teen) in which the protagonist, Alex, communicates well in The Clockwork Orange. Burgess has a profound ability to interpret the political and economical strains as groundwork for the novel. The use of youth culture is effective in Clockwork Orange as you can clearly the see what Burgess had witnessed and the effect of the panic of this era had caused in the 1960s. Burgess has also been able to disclose the idea of the changes and society with people becoming more rebellious with causing rifts through out. This became apparent after the novel was published and reflects on the culture through out the 1960s. This shows the mindset and mentality of Alex and in which the horrors of a world he lives in. Eggiweg is a prime example of the language and shows the childish nature of Alex but a depressive tone is showe d through the translation of drugs Moloko. The approach to the manipulation of the language in this dystopian novel is yet innovative but an unusual approach to terror. Rather than the typical making you jump out of your seat terror, it is more mind consuming with the random acts of violence and the approach in which it has been taken. It is more shocking because we see a level to violence in which the reader will be shocked and will ask why did he do that? And what caused him to do such controversial crimes? This being effective in the novel as it gives a different emotion to the novel, more of attention seeking than anything else. This manipulation of language into the level of violence causes the reader to re-think the novel more and analyse the character of Alex more in depth. The manipulation of language has created a depressive, yet intriguing setting to the novel. The violence and corruption of Alex contributes to this making it more shocking than the typical elements of the gothic terror. The use of the Ludovico technique is to some what has a high level of extremity as we see the level that the prisons and government go through in order to make Alex a better person. When then from this point see a different person in Alex and the changes that are made to him. This is effective in the manipulation of language because it intrigues the reader into reading more into the story, and we feel more sympathy for Alex as we see that he is a good person and wants to change. The use of manipulating language by Burgess can be seen as an attempt to create a more moral and psychological journey in coherence to Alexs growth into becoming a better man. The growth and standardization of Alexs language is distancing from the reader. This is due to the fact that the language will be hard and confusing for the reader to understand and relies on the protagonist to portray the meaning of some of the words. This is a way in which Alex vents his feelings to society and a way of him seeing it as if he is rebelling against society. In contrast with Atwoods The Handmaids Tale, language is manipulated for the effect of the psychological power of men over women is in similar contrast with The Clockwork Orange. This is because Atwood uses the fact of in society men were always the more dominant in a relationship and in general politics. Atwood uses this effectively in portraying the different layers and how women just had to accept that they were the inferior ones to men. We see this in The Clockwork Orange where Alex goes on a crime spree and rapes an innocent woman and burgles the house. We see the dominant male figure here in wanting the woman to do as he says and comply with his demands. The use of extreme language manipulates us into thinking that the severity is even more intense than first anticipated and keeps the reader on edge as to what will happen. The figurative techniques used in The Clockwork Orange help manipulate language to create the dystopian feel but still to portray the extremism of the violence. This is done with dark humour and irony, for example the dotted repetition through the novel of the language and of the acts he commits. The most prominent of irony is the use of the word beautiful to describe the violent acts that he commits and to lifes adequate pleasures. For example, education and religion are seen as grotesque and unearthly and seems against the idea of a normal life with lifes everyday pleasures. Which we see here that in Alexs head, everything is vice versa and seems to have a different outlook on life than a normal human being would want. After his reformation, by the government, we see more of an ethical side to Alex, †¦ what, brother, had I escaped into a sleep †¦ I might have presented the other cheek †¦ Here, we see Alex becoming more involved in life and thinking about his actions more. Also we see him contemplating more his emotions towards different aspects in life and seeing a more moral and religious side to life. This is effective in manipulating language in the novel because we are able to see the transaction of Alex from childish behaviour and committing crimes, to a well grown up man looking for a new start in life. The use of metaphors and similes is very prominent in when reading the novel. These are mostly very unorthodox areas and in the most unusual placing sometimes in the more serious areas of the novel and some notably in first part of the novel. The more shocking of them being when they break into the Home, and Burgess cunningly uses an extended metaphor †¦ no more like ten †¦ This is portraying their laid back nature to life and rate the woman they raped lower and more inferior than they are. This was a common act committed in the 1960s where men objectified women and were highly amused by women being more inferior than they are and abused this fact. Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy and enforced sterilization was recognised as a crime against humanity of women. Although it was enforced in the 1960s, sexual transmitted diseases were still on the on the rise and was spreading fast. Women were becoming more carriers throughout. Many women protested t o stop rape and discriminating women in society but werent always noticed. We see this is The Clockwork Orange where Alex rapes a helpless woman and has to pay the price for what they did to her. This is an effective interpretation as Burgess effectively makes aware of what men were doing to woman and the consequences were bad for the women who had to experience it. Subverting the form in The Clockwork Orange is done effectively by Burgess in order to be more creative in the language chosen and the effectiveness that youth culture has on society. The use of the unmindful and biased is used for us to be able to see both sides of the view put across. The effect that this has on the form is that you are able to have more of a flowing story and are able to follow the story well. This way you are able to have more of an intimate connection with the protagonist, Alex, and we are able to ask ourselves are own questions and form an opinion on Alex and the story being told. Despite the pain and conflict that he caused, we still feel obliged to be sympathetic towards Alex for how naà ¯ve he is on life and his immature attitude towards it. So with this, we struggle to form an opinion in some ways as he doesnt understand the implications that he is causing and doesnt do much for his future. This is effective in subverting the form because we are able to cr eate to different opinions of Alex but we can see a metaphysical journey of him trying to change for the better. The strengths of these interpretations are that are that we are able to have a well thought out novel with a whole new language in which the reader can pick up. The reader is also intrigued by the use of language to portray the different meanings of the language such as extremism of violence, and the intimacy between him and the people who try and help him through his journey to adulthood. The weaknesses, however, are that we still have some parts of the novel in which you will want to be more involved and more aware of his feelings and your not so you have to ask the questions yourself or think what would it be like to be in his shoes? This is effective because the language is then manipulated well enough to help shape these for the reader to understand more and to stay intimate through it. In contrast to The Handmaids Tale, the forms of them both are similarly approached. With The Handmaids Tale it is formed through the use of cassette readings and sparse memories put together to create a vivid but intimate story of the metaphysical journey of Offred through her torment. But with The Clockwork Orange it is done through the use of a metaphysical journey of Alex, from committing crimes and objectifying women to becoming a well grown up business man living the life of a normal man. These are both effective because we see it shape the novels to create a story but are both very intimate as we see each stage and feel each emotion. Julian Mitchell reviews the book as A brilliant mixture of horror and farce, calling Burgess use language an extraordinary technical feat. This is showing that the use of language is the key aspect in the novel in forming the form and story around this but done in a professional that is both intriguing and exciting to read. To conclude, I believe that the language is best manipulated in Burgesss The Clockwork Orange because the creativity of the new language created Nadsat is both ingenious and intriguing for the reader and gives them a different perspective on society. However, in The Handmaids Tale the form is subverted much more appropriately and keeps more of an intimate relationship with the reader. We see that the use of cassette readings being told and made in to the novel is very innovative and a clever way for women to relate to, to see how they experienced it and to put an awareness out to other women. In contrast to one another, language is very well presented in the two different forms contrasting how differently they are written and the way they are presented to the reader.

Henry Briggs :: essays research papers

Henry Briggs Henry Briggs was born in Yorkshire, England and attended St. John's College in Cambridge. He graduated in 1581 and 1585 and became a lecturer of mathematics in 1592. In 1596 Briggs became the first professor of geometry at Gresham College in London. By 1615 he was completely engaged in the study, calculation, and teaching of logarithms. He met with Napier and proposed improvements to the logarithmic system developed by Napier. Briggs helped publish some of Napier's work and wrote Logarithmorum chilias prima in 1617. Briggs's major work was Arithmetica logarithmica in 1624. These tables of logarithms were useful tools for those performing large calculations. Briggs spent several years at Merton College in Oxford. He also composed a work on trigonometry (basically tables, both of the functions and of the logs of sines and tangents) that was left unfinished at his death.Thomas Smith, writing early in the 18th century, said that Briggs' parents were "humble of class and rather slender of means." Humble of class could mean too many things to guess, but I take the slender means to state unmistakably that they were poor. Smith indicates that Briggs could not have attended Cambridge without financial assistance from his college. Henry went to school in Cambridge, M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1577-85; B.A., 1581; M.A., 1585. And he left quite a few mathematical manuscripts that remained unpublished. Briggs also devoted some attention to astronomy and saw logarithms initially primarily as a device to aid in astronomical calculations. He published Tables for the Improvement of Navigation, 1610, and North-west Passage to the South Sea, 1622. Briggs was consulted by the Virginia Company about the northwest passage, and from information about tides and currents he deduced the existence of such a passage.

Nature in the Rastafarian Consciousness Essay -- essays papers

Nature in the Rastafarian Consciousness Living in harmony with the environment and the laws of Nature is one of the central ideas of Rastafarianism. To live in accordance with the Earth is to live in accordance with Jah; it is incorporated into the morality that is Rastafarian consciousness. The Rasta's reverence for nature is influenced by the traditional African religions which are still practiced in Jamaica and which have also influenced Christianity on the island tremendously. Hinduism, too, has influenced many Rastafarian beliefs and practices. Through the Rastafarian's calculated rejection of Western cultural norms they have come to realize capitalism and the environmental destruction it has caused as Babylon, a place of destruction and greed. In order to escape this"Babylon system"a lifestyle has been employed that is focused on a correlation between man and nature. This lifestyle is an environmentally sound ideal that others around the World are only now beginning to strive for. The African Tradition In order to understand the Rastafarian idealism relating to the environment we must first consider the traditions from which it came. In Jamaica, the survival of the African religious tradition can be felt throughout the island. Most clearly this religious tradition is demonstrated by Kumina groups. Kumina is generally accepted as being West African in origin; brought here by the Ashanti. These people above all others were taken for the slave trade because the British regarded them as an especially sturdy and good for labor (Barrett 16,1997.) The Ashanti came to dominate slave, and later, peasant society, especially within the realm of religion. The practice eventually spread throughout the slave World (Barrett 17,19... ...go Press 1986) 5) Jacobs, Virginia Lee Roots of Rastafari (San Diego, Slawson Communications, Inc 1985) 6) Johnson-Hill, Jack A. I-Sight, The World of Rastafari: An Interpretive Sociological Account of Rastafarian Ethics (Metuchen N.J., The American Theological Library Ass. And Scarecrow Press, Ink. 1995) 7) Morrish, Ivan Jamaica and its Religions (Cambridge, James Clarke and Co. 1982) 8) Reddington, Norman Rastafari History, http://lamar.colostate.edu/~`laingg/rasta.html May 1995 9) Turner, Terisa Arise Ye Mighty People: Gender, Class, and Race in Popular Struggles,"The New Society"(Trenton, Africa World Press, 1994) 10) Witvliet, Theo A Place in the Sun: An Introductio to Liberation Theology in the Third World (SCM Press Ltd. 1985) 11) Youd, Ital Itations of Jamaica and I Rastafari... the First Itation (Miami, Judah Anbesa Ihntahnahshinch 1987)

Critical Analysis of Taylor Swift’s Red Essay

Grammy award winning artist Taylor Swift debuted her first album at in 2006. Within six years Swift has grown to be one of the most renowned country pop artists ever known. With her fans craving for more from Swift, she released her fourth album titled â€Å"Red† on October 15, 2012. The album was an instant hit that sold over 1.2 million copies within the first week of being released. â€Å"Red† is one of the top selling albums in the past five years, coming only behind Mumford & Son’s recently released â€Å"Babel†. The album contains 16 tracks that are a strange mix of Swift’s country roots, modern pop, and hints of lite-rock. The highly anticipated, supposed â€Å"album of the year† turned out to be a major disappointment. At least Taylor has an easy excuse: her horrible decision to try out some new producers and song writers such as Max Martin and Shellback, who are known for creating hit radio pop songs for Maroon 5, Pink and Kelly Clarkson. These two were mainly responsible for the most disappointing tracks: â€Å"I Knew You Were Trouble† (a song that bashes ex-boyfriend John Mayer even further than she did in her album â€Å"Speak Now†), â€Å"22† (a song about enjoyment of young adulthood), and the hit single â€Å"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together†. On the other hand, Swift did have Nathan Chapman, her longtime producer, help her with almost half the album, which includes the most notable tracks on â€Å"Red† such as â€Å"All Too Well†, â€Å"The Lucky One†, and â€Å"Treacherous†. Another plausible reason for Swift’s subpar performance in the production of â€Å"Red† is her obvious self-confusion with her own identity. When Taylor released her first album she was barely 16 years old. Now, she is 22 but is still trying to write songs about the same old heartaches and heartbreaks that she had when she was a teenager. Since she was made famous and praised for the songs about first kisses, first break ups, and dumb boys, it makes sense that she would continue to write songs about the same topics and, naturally, a true transition from a hopeless romantic of a teenager to a real adult must be out of Swift’s comfort zone and a bit intimidating. But the fact is that now Swift is no longer a teenager and therefore should not be writing about teenager-like relationships. She never discloses any intimate details about her relationships in her songs unlike most 22 year-old artists. Instead, she successfully portrays the perfect role of an untouchable, chaste virgin disguised as a serial dater looking for the next guy to write a song about. The best track on the album, that was co-produced by Nathan Chapman, is â€Å"All Too Well† which is a slower, acoustic-based ballad written all by Swift herself. The song fits Taylor’s original style perfectly, encapsulating the platonic ideal of unfair heartbreak as she also does in many songs in her previous albums such as â€Å"Cold As You† in her self titled album, â€Å"Breathe† in her second album â€Å"Fearless†, and â€Å"Dear John† in her third album â€Å"Speak Now†. â€Å"All Too Well† is about her former boyfriend, actor Jake Gyllenhaal (which of who most of the album is about), and the story of their short, but apparently serious relationship spent specifically on a weekend at his sister Maggie’s house. The song is emotional and has a powerful climax that describes how he broke up with her over a phone call, which is typical for Taylor Swift and what her fans love and expect. Overall, the album lacks originality both lyrically and melodically. As Taylor takes steps further away from her love stricken lyrics and country roots and more towards passive aggressive pop rock tunes the worse off she gets and consequently leaves her fans disappointed. Although the album does contain a couple genuinely well written and produced tracks, the general confusion of which genre Swift tries to reflect in â€Å"Red† throws off the album as a whole. Hopefully Swift will soon learn how to use all of her potential to become a true adult artist that has evolved from her past glory as a teenage country legend.

Support Children and Young Peoples Health and Safety

CU1521- Support children and young people’s health and safety. 1. 1 Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services. The factors that you would need to take into account include * Individual needs depending on their age or abilities, for example a child of two years may not be able to do the physical things of a child who id five years old. So you would have to set out different activities for different ages. Specific needs such as sensory impairment, for example if a child is partly sighted you would have to think about extra support for the child as they play. * You need to be clear on what the children can and can’t play on, what they can do in the environment, explain to them about health and safety. * Risk assessments have to be cared out to insure the area is safe for both children and adults. * Practitioners need to have a clear understanding of the role during the activities. * What the aim an d objective is, for example you might set out two bicycles so that the children learn about sharing and being patient. The outcome, did you achieve what you set out to and did the children enjoy it. 1. 2 Explain how health and safety is monitored and maintained in work setting are made aware of risks and hazards and encouraged to work safely. Health safety is monitored and maintained in work setting are made aware of risks and hazards and encouraged to work safely this is done by having electrical checks, room checks e. g. risk assessment, hazards checks, visitors checks etc these are done in different time some are done daily, weekly, monthly and yearly.Everyone in the setting is responsible for their safety, its vital that settings are regularly checked for safety concerns. Ensuring that the alarms are working, visitor’s books and badges are in the correct place, ensuring that there are clear instructions for spillages, substances, hygiene equipment and visitors, making sur e that there are no broken equipment which could harm the children and other member of staff as well as parent and visitors. 1. 3- Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy and safe environments and services EYFS. * Health and safety executive. Department for schools and families. * Workplace policies and procedures. * Child accident prevention trust. * Health and safety at work act 1974. * The management of health and safety at work regulations 1999. * The electricity at work regulations 1989. * The control of substances hazardous to health regulations 2002. 1. 4- explain how current health and safety legislation, policies and procedures are implemented in own work setting or services. In my work setting we insure that current health and safety legislation, policies and procedures are carried out by. Ensuring we all have read and understand the health and safety policies and procedures. * Making sure that the setting is clean and safe, that the building is well main tained. * Any harmful substances or keep away from children’s and locked and used safely. * Food is stored correctly and warmed to the correct temperature. * If a child has an accident we follow the procedures, by dealing with the accident, recording it and reporting it to the parents/carers. * Equipment is safe and stored safely. Protective clothing is worn when changing nappies and dealing with food * We ensure that we take care of our own health and safety as well as children. 2. 4- explain how health and safety risk assessment are monitored and reviewed. When you have risk assessed the activity that is taking place you must monitor the risk you have identified and if it changes you would have to change and review the plan. When the activity is finished you review the assessment to see if you correctly identified the hazards and if there were any that you didn’t manage to identify.This will help next time you carry out the same activity. 3. 1-Explain why it is impor tant to take a balance approach to risk management. It is important to take a balanced approach to risk management because children learn by exploring their environment. Every activity has a risk and as a practitioner you have to weigh up the risk of an activity against the benefits and safety of the child. 3. 2-Explain the dilemma between the rights and choices of children and young people and health and safety requirements. The UN Convention on he rights of the child says the rights of children and young people to learn and develop into adults and be protected from harm. Children learn by exploring and trying out new experiences. However, they don’t have the skills and judgment to make safe choices. This is why they need the guidance of an adult to identify potential hazards and whether or not it is safe to allow the child to undertake an activity. 4. 1- Explain the policies and procedures of the setting in response to accidents, incidents, emergencies and illness.Accidents - If a child has an accident for example a cut on the knee, it would be treated, a picture would be taken, the person who dealt with it would write in the accident book and sign and so would the person who saw the accident and the parent would be inform and would have to sign. Incidents- If there was an incident with a parent or employee and they wanted to make a formal complaint, they would write it in the incident book and the manager would be informed then and a decision would be made from there.Emergencies- If a child has had a serious accident in the nursery the ambulance would be called and if the child is able to be moved they would be put in a buggy and two adults would go with the child to St. Mary’s hospital and the parents would be called immediately. Illness- If a child becomes ill while at the setting their temperature would be taken and if it was high the parents would be called and the child would be picked up. 4. 2- Identify the correct procedures for recordin g and reporting accidents, incidents, signs of illness and other emergencies.All minor accidents should be recorded in the accident book and reported to parents. If it is something serious an accident report is filled out and a copy is sent to health and safety section of county hall if they think it needs referring to RIDDER they will do so. Incidents should be recorded in the incident book, you would write down the date and time of the incident, the nature of event, who was effected and what was done about it. Injuries recorded in the injury book should say what happened, where, the time and date and how it was dealt with.Illness a child must not be allowed into the setting if they are sick or have diarrhea or an infectious illness such as chicken pox. If an infectious illness is noticed in the setting such a head lice parents must be notified and the child must be picked up and other parents should be informed. Procedures should be displayed around the setting in case of an emerg ency for example a fire everyone must evacuate, children and adults should be counted and names called at the meeting point.

Contrast the factors a qualitative Essay

There is no hard and fast rule when it comes to the size of the sample used in a study, and there are many aspects to take into consideration. Contrast the factors a qualitative and quantitative researcher must consider when determining the sample size. How does the sample size impact the study? â€Å"Quantitative researchers seek to select samples that will allow them to achieve statistical conclusion validity and to generalize their results† (Polit 2012, p. 273). And as our text reminds us there is no simple formula to tell you how large a sample is needed for a study. The general recommendation our text gives us is â€Å"the largest sample size possible. † The larger sample size that is used increases the validity of the research. So in turn the smaller the sample size for either study increases the sampling error. The researcher should comparing characteristics of the study in relation to the variable, dependent and independent. The size for most studies â€Å"depends on the magnitude of the expected effect size, which is usually quantified by a relative risk, odds ratio, absolute risk difference, hazard ratio, or difference between two means or medians. The smaller the true-effect size, the larger the study needs to be (Hackshaw, 2008, p. 1141). References Hackshaw, A. (2008, November 1, 2008). Small studies: strengths and limitations. European Respiratory Journal, 32(5), 1141-1145. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1183/09031936. 00136408 This discussion will revolve around the topic of control. In quantitative studies, control is an important issue. What does control mean in research? Why is it important? What do you think is meant by controlling intrinsic and extrinsic variables? Give examples of effective ways to control variables in quantitative research. In qualitative research In research control is a variable in a study that usually remains constant. This variable is what the study results are compared to. This control is what helps the researcher to know if the study was performed correctly or appropriately. When we think about controlling intrinsic and extrinsic variables first we must know what these things are. By definition extrinsic means (Dictionary. com, 2013): being outside a thing; outward or external; operating or coming from without. Intrinsic means: belonging to a thing by its very nature.

Plot Summary for What Makes Sammy Run – Budd Schulberg

What makes Sammy Run? – Budd Schulberg Plot summary: Told in first person narrative by Al Manheim, drama critic of The New York Record, this is the tale of Sammy Glick, a young uneducated boy who rises from copy boy to the top of the screenwriting profession in 1930s Hollywood by backstabbingothers. Manheim recalls how he first met the 16-year-old Sammy Glick when Sammy was working as a copy boy at Manheim's newspaper. Both awed and disturbed by Sammy's aggressive personality, Manheim becomes Sammy's primary observer, mentor and, as Sammy asserts numerous times, his best friend.Tasked with taking Manheim's column down to the printing room, one day Glick rewrites Manheim's column, impressing the managing editor and gaining a column of his own. Later he steals a piece by an aspiring young writer, Julian Blumberg, sending it under his own name to the famous Hollywood talent agent Myron Selznick. Glick sells the piece, â€Å"Girl Steals Boy†, for $10,000 and leaves the pape r to go to work in Hollywood, leaving behind his girlfriend, Rosalie Goldbaum. When the film of Girl Steals Boy opens, Sammy is credited for â€Å"original screenplay† and Blumberg is not acknowledged.Glick rises to the top in Hollywood over the succeeding years, paying Blumberg a small salary under the table to be his ghost writer. He even manages to have â€Å"his† stageplay Live Wire performed at the Hollywood Playhouse, although the script is actually a case of plagiarism, The Front Page in flimsy disguise; strangely enough, no one except Manheim seems to notice. Sammy's bluffing also includes talking about books he has never read. Manheim, whose ambitions are much more modest, is both fascinated and disgusted by the figure of Sammy Glick, and Manheim carefully chronicles his rise.In Hollywood, Manheim is disheartened to learn that Catherine â€Å"Kit† Sargent, a novelist and screenwriter he greatly admires, has fallen for Sammy's charms. Although Manheim is quite open about his feelings for Kit, she makes it clear that it is Sammy she prefers, especially in bed. When she met Sammy, she tells Manheim, she had â€Å"this crazy desire to know what it felt like to have all that driving ambition and frenzy and violence inside me. † Manheim also describes the Hollywood system in detail, as a money machine oppressive to talented writers.The bosses prefer to have carte blanche when dealing with their writers, ranging from having them work on a week-to-week basis to giving them a seven-year contract. In the film industry, Manheim remarks at one point in the novel, it is the rule rather than the exception that â€Å"convictions are for sale,† with people double-crossing each other whenever the slightest chance presents itself to them. Hollywood, he notices, regularly and efficiently turns out three products: moving pictures, ambition, and fear.Manheim becomes an eyewitness to the birth of what was to become the Writers Guild, an o rganization created to protect the interests of the screenwriters. After one of the studio's periodic reshufflings, Manheim finds himself out of work and goes back to New York. There, still preoccupied with Sammy Glick's rise to stardom, he investigates Sammy's past. He comes to understand, at least to some degree, â€Å"the machinery that turns out Sammy Glicks† and â€Å"the anarchy of the poor†.Manheim realizes that Sammy grew up in the â€Å"dog-eat-dog world† of New York's Lower East Side (Rivington Street), much like the more sophisticated dog-eat-dog world of Hollywood. The one connection between Sammy's childhood days and his present position seems to be Sheik, someone who went to school with him and regularly beat him up. Now Sheik is working as Glick's personal servant (or almost slave)—possibly some kind of belated act of revenge on Sammy's part, or the â€Å"victim's triumph†. When Manheim returns to Hollywood he becomes one of Glick's writers.There he realizes that there is also a small minority of honorable men working in pictures, especially producer Sidney Fineman, Glick's boss. Manheim teams up with Kit Sargent to write several films for Glick, who has successfully switched to production and moved into a gigantic manor in Beverly Hills. Fineman's position becomes compromised by a string of flops, and Manheim attempts to convince Harrington, a Wall Street banker representing the film company's financiers, that Fineman is still the right man for the job. This is the moment when Glick sees his chance to get rid of Fineman altogether and take his place.At a reception, Glick meets Laurette, Harrington's daughter; he immediately and genuinely falls in love with this â€Å"golden girl,† discarding his girlfriend. He feels that he is about to kill two birds with one stone by uniting his personal ambition and his love life. Fineman, only 56, dies soon after losing his job to Sammy—of a broken heart, it i s rumoured. Sammy's wedding is described by Manheim as â€Å"a marriage-to-end-all-marriages† staged in the beautiful setting of Sammy's estate. Manheim and Kit Sargent, who have finally decided to get married, slip away early to be by themselves.Sammy discovers Laurette making love in the guest room to Carter Judd, an actor Sammy has just hired. Laurette is not repentant: She coldbloodedly admits that she considers their marriage to be purely a business affair. Sammy calls Manheim and asks him to come over to his place immediately. Once there, Manheim for the first time witnesses a self-conscious, desperate, and suffering Sammy Glick who cannot stand being alone in his big house. In the end, Sammy orders Sheik to get him a prostitute, while Manheim drives home.

About Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About Apple - Essay Example being loved by money, it faces competition from companies such as Google, Microsoft (in terms of computer software design and production) and other phone making companies in Asia like in China for example which mass produces cheap phones. This made Apple come up with a strategy that would make their products and especially the phone more appealing. They decided to have graffiti in and on their phones in a bid to promote art and also attract art lovers. This graffiti started becoming so popular in late last decade. It became popular because people could now personalize their phones not only in the applications through handwriting but also on the covers of the iPhone. Due to the fact that many individuals had the iPhones, the graffiti was welcome to distinguish people’s phones and portray not only the artistic intelligence of an individual but also it could communicate a lot about a person just by observing the graffiti on a person’s iPhone. Vandalism according to Apple is destruction of the beauty of their products for example the iPhone. Vandalism involves use of bad art like bad drawings on the cover of the iPhone in the name of beautifying it and in the long destroys its durability and even some of its features and application. Street art on the other hand is the graffiti done on the iPhone by people in the streets. These people are not necessarily authorized by Apple to work for them but they bring the graffiti from the shop to the street. Some may vandalize the product but majority really personalize the iPhone based on the owner’s liking and tastes (Banksy 102). There are types of graffiti that are classified and considered vandalism while others are considered art; this is because of many reasons. One of the reasons depends on who painted or drew the graffiti. If it was carried out by an inexperienced and untalented person, then it is bad and considered vandalism compared to if it was carried by a professional who would make it be considered art. The

What aspects of an organisations internal environment are critical to Essay

What aspects of an organisations internal environment are critical to the success of an organisations strategy - Essay Example This essay will deal with certain vital facts related to internal environment and strategic management. The first few paragraphs are devoted in introducing the concept of organisational strategy and internal environment. In the latter part, an elaborate discussion is conducted on the various process by which internal environment of an organisation influences the organisational strategy. Some real life examples are also discussed to understand the manner in which few companies have modified their organisational strategy as per the internal environment to gain synergy and competitive edge in the market. Different authors have nurtured different views on the concept of strategy. In general it can be concluded that strategy assists in identifying objectives which will add competitive edge to the company over its market rivals (Sutton, 1980, p.1). Organisational strategy provides a vision or direction that organisation should strive to gain competitive position over its rivals. While developing any strategy, the management should keep in mind that the strategy should be aligned with the organisation’s market position, prevailing resources and capability possessed by it. Strategy provides the guideline for resource allocation and management policies (Walker, 2003, p.4). External environmental factors are those factors which are not under the direct control of the company. These include economic, political, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. Since these factors lie beyond the reach of the company, they constitute the threats and opportunities of the business (Norton, 2008, p.10). On the other hand, the internal factors which directly or indirectly affect an organisation are financial resources, physical resources, objective of business, managerial policies, work environment, corporate image of the organisation, its relation with labours, technical and R&D capability and promoters’ vision

Bussiness concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bussiness concepts - Assignment Example The efforts that a company puts into corporate social responsibility supersede the expectations of the various groups that protect the environment and different regulators. Another name for Corporate Social responsibility is Corporate Citizenship. Corporate Social Responsibility may involve the organization incurring short-term costs without immediate benefits to the company in terms of finance (Hunnicutt, 2009). A company that involves itself in Corporate Social Responsibility stands to benefit in several ways as discussed below. Corporate Social responsibility enables an organization to market itself and the products and services to the society. By getting into contact with the consumers and potential consumers of the organization’s products or services, the organization has the opportunity to explain in detail the products and services it offers. Further, the organization’s staff may answer any questions that the consumers and potential consumers may have. This helps the organization to ensure that it retains its customers aside from ensuring customer loyalty. The company is also able to sell an image of a company that considers the concerns of the society and takes the initiative of undertaking corrective or mitigating measures (Chen, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility gives an organization an opportunity to improve the knowledge of the employees on the products and services that the company offers. The organization takes advantage of Corporate Social Responsibilities to train their employees on the company products, services and policies so that as they interact with the members of the public they can represent the organization well. Engagement of the employees also boosts their morale, since they feel like they are involved in the building of the organization by being ambassadors. Employees also engage in activities that they may consider noble, therefore increasing their pride in working for the organization

Protagonists Sojourn in Self Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Protagonists Sojourn in Self Awareness - Essay Example A different journey is realized when self-awareness dawns on the main character or protagonist. Self-awareness is the education of the mind and the soul. It is a very intrinsic process, which points to inner, spiritual growth of the character. It is based on human experiences. The things and events that are experienced are varied and they leave an impression on us directly or indirectly. In Mark Twain’s novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chaim Potok’s My name is Asher Lev and Jane Austen’s Emma there is an intrinsic similarity because the protagonists of the novels travel on a similar road of self-awareness. The authors have shown the journey of an individual towards self-awareness. For an evocative description the authors’ have used to numerous literary elements. The three authors whose works are being discussed here use a common theme as one of the significant literary elements. Figurative language like symbolism, similes and metaphors ensure a smooth flow between the stages of immaturity to maturity. The historical context of the novels is experimental in establishing the process of self-growth. All these elements have enhanced the simple lives and adventures of the central characters and have made the characters perfect examples of heroes and heroines in self-awareness theme based literature. Finn, Asher, and Emma all develop an insight while traveling the bumpy roads of experiences and adventures. Life experiences of Finn, Asher, and Emma put them on the path of self-awareness. There is a central connection of mental growth of the protagonist with everything they see, say, and do in the fictional narratives.

Managing Across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing Across Cultures - Essay Example Diversity in workforce members can lead to improved organizational performance and effectiveness (Pires, Stanton, and Ostenfeld 2006). Therefore, in order to function better with diverse colleagues, there is a crucial need for multicultural employees to be aware of the cultures that they are working with as well as have an appreciation for their values and beliefs, attitudes toward conflict, and personal experiences (Soderberg and Holden 2002). The increased reliance of international companies on a culturally diverse workforce should drive these organizations to improve their members’ understanding of how certain processes such as training or communication can positively contribute to the success of a multicultural labor forceAlthough ethnically diverse teams play a critical role in the success of companies due to the flexibility, receptiveness, and resource utilization that are expected of them (Marquardt and Horvath 2001), the management of cultural differences and conflict has become a challenge for many international organization. Diversity in culture can bring about misunderstanding, adverse relationships, and weak performance, thus the need to effectively manage geographic distances, facilitate control and coordination matters, establish strong communication, and maintain team consistency. Because of this crucial need, numerous studies, even early research such as that of Hofstede and Trompenaars, have been carried out to explain cultural variations in the working environment and the successful management of these differences among employees. Theories on Cultural Dimensions Through my experience as international director, I have learned about the essential components behind a successful expatriate assignment. Theories of cultural dimensions from well-known researchers such as Hofstede (1980) have been of good use in explaining why people are culturally different from each other. National culture plays a crucial part in understanding a workforce tha t is ethnically diverse as explained through Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions including power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long term orientation. Power distance indicates the acceptance and expectation of the society, especially the less powerful individuals, that power can be unequally distributed, thus representing inequality. Anyone who has had experience in international studies can point out that all countries and societies have demonstrated inequality in wealth and power distribution, although some are more unjust than the others. Individualism refers to how people are integrated into groups; for instance, individualist societies tend to establish loose relationships among its members and each individual is expected to attend to himself and his family while collectivist ones are likely to stay committed to such relations and demonstrate unwavering loyalty to each other. Masculinity indicates how gender roles are distributed; menà ¢â‚¬â„¢s values significantly differ from those of the women