Friday, November 29, 2019

Muscle Lab Report Essay Example

Muscle Lab Report Paper Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise 1: Muscle Twitch Study the data for the three muscles in Tables IA, B, and ICC. 1. Make a scatter plot graph in Microsoft [emailprotected] using Data Tables IA, B, and ICC that show the twitch tension timeliness of the eye, erects femoral, and lanterns muscle fibers. For each muscle, connect the dots together in sequence. Refer to the section in the Introduction of this lab manual titled: Computer Graphing Using Microsoft [emailprotected] for help with this process. 2. Graph all three sets of data on one graph. Label the three muscles on the graph. Then, graph each muscle set on three separate graphs. Label the latent period, contraction phase and relaxation phase on the three separate graphs. We will write a custom essay sample on Muscle Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Muscle Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Muscle Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What is a muscle twitch? A muscle twitch is a small local involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation which may be visible under the skin or detected in deeper areas. B. According to the graphs, which muscle has the fastest twitch? Why? C. What is the latent period and why does it occur? Latent period is the time lapse that occurs between application of stimulus and its targeted effect. E. G when a nerve impulse arrives on a muscle fiber (stimulus), it takes a few milliseconds before the muscle begins to contract. It occurs because the metabolic machinery is at work. Various preparatory processes are occurring. Exercise 2: Trapper: The Staircase Effect 1. Data Table 2 shows muscle tension with increasing time. Observe the values in Data Table 2. Data Table 2: Triple I 6101 15181 18101 21 24101 271121 30101 331151 36101 391151 42101 451151 2. Create a scatter plot graph of the data from Data Table 2. Ensure that you connect the scatter plot dots to create a line graph for better visualization. Plot the time vs Tension in a Microsoft [emailprotected] 3. Use arrows to indicate where each subsequent stimulus occurred on the graph. A. Why is trapper an important phenomenon for athletes to understand? The concept or phenomenon of Trapper occurs when a muscle contracts more forcefully after it has contracted a few times than when it first contracts. This is due to the fact that active muscles require decreasing degrees of succeeding stimuli to elicit maximal contractions. Returning to our example of the second set of squats feeling easier than the first, during the first set there was insufficient warm-up, and the second set felt easier because the first set actually served as a warm-up. The phenomenon in which the contraction strength of a muscle increases, due to increased Ca+ availability and enzyme efficiency during the warm-up. B. Physiologically, what causes trapper to occur? Trapper is an improvement in the force generated by a muscle fiber as it warms up. The phenomenon occurs due to the increase in temperature because of an increase in cell activity. The improvement comes because the enzymes and routines in the system become more efficient at a slightly higher temperature. This is somewhat analogous to how an increase in temperature increases the rate of chemical reaction. Exercise 3: Wave Summation (Temporal Summation) 1. Look over the data in Data Table 3. Data Table 3: Wave summation I I 5131 7181 13191 171151 191251 21 101 2. Graph a scatter plot for wave summation of time vs Tension graph using Microsoft [emailprotected] 3. Use arrows to indicate where the subsequent stimuli occurred on the graph. A. Explain why wave summation occurs. A sustained contraction of muscles, caused by the rapid firing of nerve impulses. B. Can summation go on infinitely? Why or why not? No they will not because the combination of responses from a motor unit that has had two or more stimuli applied to it in quick succession. A motor unit of a muscle responds to a single stimulus with a simple twitch response. When a second stimulus is applied to the motor unit before the response to the first is completely lost, the two responses combine to produce a greater muscle tension than that produced by a single response. If stimulation continues, the combination of the individual responses may result in tetanus. Exercise 4: Tetanus 1. Look over the data in Data Tables AAA and B. Data Table AAA: Incomplete tetanus I I 13171 17191 191151 21 1131 241151 271131 Data Table B: Complete tetanus (milliseconds) Tension 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 20 19 24 27 10 30 4. Graph the information for complete tetanus on a separate time vs Tension scatter plot graph. Connect the lines of each data point to get a better understanding of the data. 5. Use arrows to indicate the subsequent stimuli on the graph. A. What is the difference between complete and incomplete tetanus? With incomplete tetanus muscles contract but there is a period of relaxation between contractions. As shown on a graph, it looks like a wave. With complete tetanus, here is no relaxation between contractions and on a graph, this is represented by a straight line. Tetanus effects only striated skeletal muscles, not cardiac (heart) muscles. B. Will muscle fatigue occur quicker in complete or incomplete tetanus? Explain your reasoning. It will occur in complete tetanus because of lose of chemical transmitter more rapidly in complete tetanus Exercise 5: Demonstrating Muscle Fatigue Data Table 5: Muscle fatigue II Trial [Start Time (seconds) I Aching/Burning Feeling Begins Arm Begins to Drop (seconds) I Duration (seconds) I 11121201401551 21301251501651 31351301601701 A. Explain why muscles get fatigued. Muscles fatigue because is the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force. It can be a result of vigorous exercise but abnormal fatigue may be caused by barriers to or interference with the different stages of muscle contraction. There are two main causes of muscle fatigue limitations of nerves ability to generate a sustained signal and the reduced ability of calcium (Ca+) to stimulate contraction. B. Which muscle or muscle groups became fatigued with this exercise? Skeletal muscle group become fatigued with exercise because the Voluntary muscle contraction is controlled by the central nervous system. The brain sends signals, in the form of action potentials, through the nervous system to the motor neuron that innervates several muscle fibers. In the case of some reflexes, the signal to contract can originate in the spinal cord through a feedback loop with the grey matter. Involuntary muscles such as the heart or smooth muscles in the gut and vascular system contract as a result of non-conscious brain activity or stimuli proceeding in the body to the muscle itself. C. What causes the burning sensation in a muscle, and how does that sensation affect muscle contraction? Your body requires energy to fuel the muscle interactions that produce movement. This energy is produced by your body in a number of ways. One such mechanism is called the anaerobic process, meaning it does not utilize oxygen. However, this anaerobic source of energy can only be maintained for short periods of time and the byproducts produce the burning sensation you feel in your muscles during and immediately after high-intensity anaerobic exercise. In addition to limiting the duration of your anaerobic endurance, private is also involved in the process that produces the burning sensation you feel during and immediately after strenuous exercise. In the absence of oxygen, this glycoside byproduct is converted into lactate. During intense anaerobic exercise, the levels of lactate in your bloodstream can build-up rapidly. It is this accumulation of lactate that triggers the nerve endings in your muscles, producing a burning sensation. D. What might have happened in this exercise if more rest was built into the procedure? Rest days are critical to sports performance for a variety of reasons. Some are physiological and some are psychological. Rest is physically necessary so that the muscles can repair, rebuild and strengthen. For recreational athletes, eluding in rest days can help maintain a better balance between home, work and fitness goals.

Monday, November 25, 2019

The name of the film is The Crucible Essays

The name of the film is The Crucible Essays The name of the film is The Crucible Paper The name of the film is The Crucible Paper The name of the film is The Crucible. The prominent stars of the film are Abigail Williams, whose cries of witchcraft led to the destruction of an entire village. John Proctor, a farmer whose conscience was tested during the witch trails. And Elizabeth Proctor, whose relationships with her husband is characterized by a powerful mix of love, guilt and courage; she too was a victim by Abigail. This drama based on the witch trials in the Salem Village during the 1950s. The Crucible is a mirror that the author of this movie uses to reflect on historical people and events. It is a cruel suspenseful drama of evil and personal conscience. A gang of teenage girls, stifled by the pressure from their elders, held a meeting and dance naked in the woods. One girl, Abigail Williams, her affair with John Proctor caused her to drinks a charm to kill his wife. And suddenly, the Devil is loose in Salem. The girls were discovered. Led and threatened by Abigail, claimed they were overtaken by the Devil, naming various citizens as witches without any evidence. By their terrified accusations, the entire village was consumed by cries of witchcraft. John Proctors reject on Abigail worsen the situation, Abigail was more determine on the witchcraft and her love for John. Deputy Governor, Judges and citizens all fooled by the lies and act of the girls and joined the excitement of witch-hunt. One by one, the blameless victims are torn from their homes. Abigails vengeance turned to Proctors wife. And both John Proctor and his wife are put on trial. Probably the most important element in the success of The Crucible is the costume design and set design in the filmmaking. This movie was beautifully filmed with attention to period costumes, even as far as the hand stitching in the collars. By just looking at the costumes and set design, the audiences can tell approximately the setting. The impressive costumes along with the aged buildings bring the past and ancient feeling out in the film. The costumes for each main character has each style, like John Proctor, his costume brings out his character of a tough man. Elizabeth Proctors costume appeared her as a gracious and kind woman. The costumes really are great and they brought out the first impression to the audience. The acting of this movie are great too, John Proctor brought just the right amount of sexual undertone to his role as the adulterer, yet still believable as an unselfish man. On the other hand, Abigail Williams who seemed as a young helpless girl here fought again the Justice by the lies, hypocrisy, and desire overcome her. In a passionate role, she won the match. With subtle a characterization that built slowly to an overwhelming intensity by the end of the movie. John Proctor and Abigail Williams share a sense of timing and delivery together on screen that makes their relation and love seemed real. It makes the modern audiences to feel the emotions of each character throughout the movie. The film did a great job on the characters personalities, while watching the movie, I can feel the emotion inside me. It is really good for the film to be able to portray a personality. My personal impression of this movie is great. Its not an easy movie to connect with emotion, and keep the audience interested. Good use script, and good acting, filming and picturesque costumes. Historic dramas are always a little boring to those of us who are used to the action movie. However, this drama has none of that, it is suitable to anyone who want to see another style of the modern movie, especially to those who are bored with modern movies.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Human resouces function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human resouces function - Essay Example This made me spend much of my time looking for another computer with the appropriate program. Once through we were given question papers with question, we were supposed to answer within thirty minutes. The questions were particularly tough involving calculations and grammar. We were taken to the firms’ clinic for blood samples to test for drugs upon completing the tests. I tried to object but was informed that it was a requirement according to the organizational policy and this would be conducted upon suspicion and applies to all employees. When the test results were out I was ranked the second best, but laboratory drug test were not given to us in the group. This marked the start of the panel interview. The first person got in, and I was truly nervous as I waited outside. After twenty, minutes, he emerged from the room, but I did not get an opportunity to ask him the possible question I was likely to be asked. I was called in, and when I stepped in and closed the door and I m anaged to greet the panelists with a smile and waited to be assigned a seat. I was shown to my seat which I responded with "thank you." When we were all seated formal introductions followed with all panelists introducing themselves. I was requested to hand over my resume. The human resource manager asked me: â€Å"So you are (name)? â€Å"Yes sir† â€Å"Tell us more about yourself† â€Å"I am a third year students pursuing a human resource management degree. In high school, I attained a GPA of 2.1. I'm from a family of three and am the only child. I have served as a class leader and a team leader in various groups within the classroom set up. I also actively participate in other co-curricular activities such as swimming, helping the needy in the society and making social friends†. â€Å"What do you think are your major contributions to this company?† Though we have other people interested in this same position who have similar qualifications, I believe I have a personal drive that enables me to work beyond the expected limits. I also pay attention to details a factor I believe is highly significant in managing human resources. With these qualities, I believe I can manage to help the organization move towards the attainment of their set goals and objectives. â€Å"What is your greatest weakness?† â€Å"In one instance during our class lessons the teacher asked my views about equal employment opportunities. I responded that the physically challenged and people of other races should only be given jobs once the whites and the physically fit have already gotten jobs. I felt that they were not able to perform just like the white. However, I have tried to change this perception by interacting with the physically challenged and people of other races that have enabled me to realize that they have capabilities and potential that lack in some of the physically fit and white individuals.† After a series of other questions in rela tion to discrimination, employee rights, and job analysis, I was requested to leave the room and wait for the results outside. I stood up, thanked all of them and left the room. When the results were out I emerged the best. Objective II During the interviewers sought to understand my level of understanding and expertise in the field of human resource management. For any organization to be able to select the right

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

(GC Instrument Experiment) Determination of Ethanol Concentration in Lab Report

(GC Instrument Experiment) Determination of Ethanol Concentration in Biological Fluids using Gas Chromatography - Lab Report Example The BAC level in all 50 states of the US is set by law at 0.08% w/v a value, which is much higher in comparison to other countries. Other countries have BAC limits of 0.03% w/v or even less (International Center for Alcohol Policies). The use of gas-liquid chromatography in the modern science has eliminated the complex nature of the matrix affecting the analysis of ethanol in blood previously (Jones and Pounder 12). The sample size employed in gas-liquid chromatography is also small hence making the method convenient for analysis of small samples. In gas chromatography, the gaseous mobile phase, which is referred to as the carrier gas, conveys the analyte in the column (Harris 528). Mostly, inert gas such as helium and nitrogen are used as mobile phase while non-polar liquids such as polyethylene glycol can be used as stationary liquid phase (Harris 528). Separation is founded on the dispersal of the analytes between the mobile and stationary phases. The analyte concentration in the gas phase affects its elution since high analyte concentration means more time is spent in the mobile phase as well as the stationary phase (Colin 19). Short analysis time and high precision make it a method of choice. A comparison between flame ionization detectors (FID) and electron capture detectors (ECD) shows that FIDs are highly sensitive to almost all organic compounds, have a wide linear response range that surpasses 107, have low maintenance requirements and are less expensive to acquire and operate compared to ECDs (Harris 543). Five ethanol standards were prepared in a 20 mL gas-tight vial by mixing ca. 0.5% w/w ethanol and ca. 0.5% w/w of tert-butanol in water. The table below summarizes the preparation. tert-Butanol was used as the internal standard. A Shimadzu 14A GC with a flame ionization detector was used. Polyethylene glycol was used as the stationary phase, and the column temperature

Monday, November 18, 2019

Total Quality Management Case Study (Welz Business Machines) Essay

Total Quality Management Case Study (Welz Business Machines) - Essay Example Welz Business Machines collected data for a 2 week period in order to know why some customers have to wait. Through this process data was collected on all the four reasons given above for customers having to wait. According to the information collected by the characters mentioned in the case the primary reason of the problem being faced by the company is short-staffed operators. The next two causes being receiving party not being present and operator not being able to understand the problem of the customer. Customer being dominant in the conversation and some other causes has also been mentioned in the case. The analysis is shown below with the help of a Pareto analysis and cause and effect diagram. Pareto analysis is a technique which can be used to prioritize the different types or sources of a problem. It can be used to identify the reasons for majority of the problem being caused. It uses the Pareto principal – 80% of the problems are caused by 20% of the causes. (Pyzdek, 2003).The Pareto analysis of the case is shown below – We can see from the above analysis that 90% of the problems are being caused by three reasons – operator short staff(51%) ,Receiving party not present(22%) and lack of operator understanding(18%).These are the areas to focus on. It is also known as the fishbone diagram or the Ishikawa diagram, named after the Japanese quality expert who made it famous. (Dale, 2007) It is basically a graphical representation of an outline that presents a chain of cause and effects. (Ishikawa & Loftus), 1990). With the analysis of the case given, various causes have been analysed because of which problems occur leading to the inability to answer customer calls effectively. These have been shown above in the form of a fish bone diagram. As we can see from the Pareto analysis done above; shortage of staff is the root cause of the problem and accounts for 51% of the causes. Increasing the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Los Vendidos Play Analysis

Los Vendidos Play Analysis Beyond an energetic and comical playwright, Luis Valdez Los Vendidos is an accurate reflection of the contemporary American society, focusing on how Mexicans are perceived in this society. The play abounds in stereotypes about Mexicans, which is why the main theme of Los Vendidos is stereotyping. Stereotypes appear in societies because the dominant majority has difficulties in understanding the specificities of particular minorities, as it is the case of the Mexicans, portrayed in Los Vendidos. Nevertheless, stereotypes are nurtured as a modality of keeping minorities socio economically repressed and inferior to the dominant race in the society (Escobar p. 562). By portraying the main stereotypes that are used to refer to Mexicans in United States, such as farm workers, gang members or revolucionarios, Valdez describes the identity crisis experienced by Mexicans, who are trying to resist to the cultural assimilation of becoming Americans. The plot of this play revolves around an intended sale, wherein Miss Jimenez, a secretary of the Presidential administration is on a mission to purchase a Mexican model, in order to appeal to the Mexican electorate. Honest Sancho, the owner of the store that sells Mexican models, introduces to Miss Jimenez three types of Mexicans that she can purchase: the farm worker, the gang member and the revolutionary, exemplifying like this the main stereotypes with which Mexicans are associated in United States. The sole idea that the members of a race can relate with a single model, a robot that is believed to encompass the distinctiveness of an entire race is based on a prejudice (Kassin, Fein Markus p. 155). Another problem that the play raises in relation with the stereotypes created for Mexicans in United States, is that Mexicans themselves came to identify with the stereotypes that the American society created to define them. As such, Honest Sancho admits the main models of stereotyping existent in the American society and promotes them for sale. Although Honest Sancho seems to be interested in his business, exploiting the American culture of stereotyping in order to be profitable, there is, nevertheless, a truth in the fact that Mexicans adhere to the stereotypes created for them and transmit them from a generation to another. The fact that the typical Mexican people living in United States are represented through robots suggests the idea that Mexicans are not seen as humans, but as machines, hence the objectification of this people (Belkin p. 17). Honest Sanchos robots are seemingly created to serve the American society through their hard work, as exemplified by the farm worker, who is built close to the ground, durable, friendly and loves his patroness (Valdez pp. 41-42). On the other hand, the other machines that describe the stereotypical roles of Chicanos in U.S., respectively the gang member and the revolutionary. Yet, the roles of these Mexican models are also well justified, because they serve as criminals that get arrested (Valdez 44). In this sense, they are fulfilling the social role of criminality, serving as the scape goats for the malfunctions of the American society. Through the Mexican robots kept in store to be sold, Valdez demonstrates that the stereotypes have a functional role in soci ety, serving as the servers or the people to be blamed by the dominant race. This reinforces the idea that stereotyping is a form of racism that generates feelings of superiority from the dominant race towards minorities (Escobar 562). Although she is also a representative of the Mexican people in United States, Miss Jimenez identifies more with the dominant Americans than with Chicanos. Just as the white Americans, Miss Jimenez fails to admit the individuality of Mexicans, although she too, is a Mexican American, or una chicana (Valdez 41). On the other hand, she seems to be ignorant of the stereotypes and prejudices that Mexicans experience in United States. As such, when Honest Sancho describes to her that the farm worker is cutting grapes, she responds Oh, I wouldnt know (Valdez 42). This scene raises the question of whether one needs to dissociate of his national identity in order to escape the stereotypes associated with ones race. As such, Miss Jimenez insists that her name should be pronounced using English and not Spanish pronunciation, correcting Honest Sancho and admonishing him for his lack of good English skills, when he addresses her in a Mexican style: My name is Miss JIM-enez. Dont you speak English? Whats wrong with you? (Valdez p. 41). Although the play critiques the American society for its lack of cultural sensitivity to Mexican people, arguing that Americans consider all Mexicans as either farm workers, gang members or revolutionary, Miss Jimenez is the exception that deconstructs this myth. She is a Secretary in the U.S. government, therefore, she is educated, urban, modern, possessing all the features of the casual American. As Belkin (p. 18) observes, she is assimilated. In contrast with her, all the other Mexicans, who fail to become Americans and stick to their Mexican identities are considered stupid, uneducated or violent (Valdez p. 48; Belkin p. 18). Nevertheless, the play transmits mixed impressions about what the American society expects from the Mexicans, which further perpetuates the racial stereotypes directed at this nationality. As such, Miss Jimenez, as the representative of the American government, seeks a Mexican model that is educated, knows good English and a romantic figure to attract the women electorate. These values do not describe Mexican stereotypes, but the product of cultural assimilation (Belkin 18). On the other hand, through the character of Miss Jimenez, the play writer transmits the idea that the American society expects the Mexicans to be cheap. The constant question of Miss Jimenez is he economical (Valdez pp. 42 49) acts like a leitmotif in the play, putting an equal sign between Mexicans and cheap labor force. Cheap labor force is a stereotypical representation of Mexicans, one which is desired and expected by the white Americans, even from the educated and acculturated Mexicans. As such, speaking for the U.S. government, Miss Jimenez seems shocked to hear that the price for the educated Mexican is $ 15,000, asking Fifteen thousand dollars? For a Mexican!!! (Valdez 50). In other words, while the American society expects the Mexicans to become acculturated and integrated, acting and behaving like normal Americans, they still expect them to be cheaper, hence perpetuating the socio economical oppression of this people through prescriptive stereotypes (features widely accepted as defining roles or behaviors) (Corell and Benard 5). What started as a comical play developed complex sociological concepts of assimilation, acculturation or stereotyping. Stereotyping is the central theme of the play and it is vividly represented through all the characters presented in the play (Honest Sancho, Miss Jimenez and the robots). In addition, the social expectations from the Mexicans also perpetuate the stereotypes that keep this people in socio economical oppression to the dominant race in U.S. Las Vendidos teaches audiences about the danger that lies in stereotyping, which can take the form of economic oppression or riots. Stereotyping is more than a form of social discrimination; it is a lifestyle by which the dominant majority and the vulnerable minority live, abiding to the socially shaped misconceptions about how minorities should be or how they should act. Works Cited Belkin, Elena. Changing Fronts in La Lucha Chicana: Cultural Construction of Class, Race, and Gender in Chicano/a Literature. Ohio: Ohio State University. 2008. Print. https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/32190/Changing_Fronts_in_La_Lucha_Chicana-1.pdf?s Correll, Shelley, J. and Benard, Stephen. Gender and Racial Bias in Hiring. [Online] 21 March, 2006. Available at http://provost.upenn.edu/uploads/media_items/gender-racial-bias.original.pdf. 7 March, 2017. Escobar, Angela Sanchez. Chicanos: Stereotypes and Search for Self Identity as Seen through Literature. CUACE 14-15: 561-571. 1992. Print. http://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/cauce/pdf/cauce14-15/cauce14-15_30.pdf Kassin, Saul, Fein, Steven Markus, Hazel Rose. Social Psychology. Belmont: Wadsworth. 2014. Print. https://books.google.ro/books?id=jtdnyrG9xboCprintsec=frontcoverdq=social+psychology+kassinhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=social%20psychology%20kassinf=false Valdez, Luis. Luis Valdez Early Works: Across, Bernabe and Pensamiento Serpentino. Texas: Arte Publico Press. 1994. Print. https://books.google.ro/books?id=t62V4sknDw8Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=Luis+Valdez+%E2%80%93+Early+Works:+Across,+Bernabe+and+Pensamiento+Serpentinohl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjV0KKH18XSAhWHzxQKHc0kCr4Q6AEIGjAA#v=onepageq=Luis%20Valdez%20%E2%80%93%20Early%20Works%3A%20Across%2C%20Bernabe%20and%20Pensamiento%20Serpentinof=false

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Ultimate Pets: How an Independent Pet Shop Competes with Giant Pet Stor

This essay explains how I intend to open an independent pet store, Ultimate Pets. Although there are already several pet stores in my community which are owned and operated by the giant pet super-store chains, I will position Ultimate Pets in the market so that it can successfully compete with the established pet super-store chains. As a business in the pet industry, an exotic pet shop offers many products that a large corporation would, but differentiates in a way with the wide range of animals it actually carries in stock. Our store does not carry just any products for the care of your exotic pet. Here at Ultimate Pets we only feature the top brands and products for optimal care. With a helpful and knowledgeable staff to assist you with every question you have about animal care, they will point you in the direction of what is needed to solve your problem. There are many advantages of shopping with us. Most importantly, we will not sell you something that is not needed for optimal care, or sell you an animal that could possibly be sick. All of our pets are quarantined for multiple days before they are put out for sale. This is to prevent transmitting diseases, relieve stress, or mites to other animals they can be displayed with. We also make sure all animals are eating on their own before they are sold. Unlike large corporations, we do not buy from just any ordinary Joe selling animals in large quantities. All of our animals are either bred in store, or are from a private breeder. This decreases the chance of stress and disease. The benefits of shopping with Ultimate Pets, is that you will never leave disappointed or unsure. To ensure customers know what it takes to care for their animals, each de... ...n amount of base and live rock that is recommended for that size. Sometimes this is a more appropriate tactic. We will also this for reptile/amphibian as well as bird cages and products. Many of our customers, want all the essentials right away, this is our way of doing so. References Miller, Gilson. 2012. 10 Ways Retailers Can Leverage Bundling of Products to Drive Sales. Retrieved from: http://upstreamcommerce.com/blog/2012/04/03/10-ways-retailers-leverage-bundling-products-drive-sales Ehmke, Cole. Fulton, Joan. Lusk, Jayson. 2014. Marketing’s Four P’s: First Steps for New Entrepeneurs. Retrieved from: https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/EC/EC-730.pdf Rodriguez, John. 2014. Owner of Pet Super Center Segrestfarms.com Royalpetsupplies.com Industry. 2009. Pet Shops. Retrieved from: http://www.immediate.com/images/Pet%20Shops.pdf

Monday, November 11, 2019

Hybrid Assistive Limb

Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL-5) 1. Introduction. People often suffer from various disorders related to their physical health, which also include disorders of the nervous, vascular and integumentary systems, muscular and neurologic diseases. Consequently, these violations probably affect the musculoskeletal system and complicate the daily lives of these people. However, with the daily development of science and technology, doctors and inventors are trying to create some kind of device that can make life easier for people with such disabilities. To date, some examples of these developments are already invented.One of these developments is a powered exoskeleton Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL-5). Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) is a full-body suit, which was designed to help people with degenerated muscles or spinal injuries or brain disorders. Now we are going to describe appearance, functions and main characteristics of this robotic device. 2. Data and producers. The wearable-type robot â€Å"R obot Suit HAL† was created in Japan, notably by Cyberdyne, Inc. This company was founded in 2004 to exploit the work of a group of cybernetics researchers headed by Yoshiyuki Sankai, a Professor of System and Information Engineering at Tsukuba University. 4] The study about Hybrid Assistive Limb was started by professor Sankai in 1992 and lasted until 1996. The result of this hard work was HAL-1 (fig. 1), first prototype of HAL series robots. The next robot which was built with cardinally other design is HAL-3 (fig. 2). It was invented in 1999 and had been used for 6 years. Final version of HAL robot, HAL-5 (fig. 3), was discovered in 2005 and still is being developed by professor Yoshiyuki Sankai in his laboratory at University of Tsukuba. Cyberdyne Inc. has been manufacturing and is currently distributing of the HAL-5 to the residences of Japan and Europe.Figure 1. HAL-1 robot, 1996 Figure 2. HAL-3 robot, 1999 3. Functions and applications of the system HAL-5 is expected to be applied in various fields such as rehabilitation support and physical training support in medical field. Also, it can be used in a range of another non-military uses, for example, in including allowing workers to carry heavier. [4] HAL-5 helps users lift up to about 40 kg more than they normally could. To be exact, a healthy adult male, wearing this suit, can lift approximately 80 kg, roughly double what he can without it.Hybrid Assistive Limb can multiply the overall original strength of the wearer by a factor of 2 to 10. The general concept of a HAL-5 robot is simple in general. The components HAL are very easy to construct, however, the complexity of the HAL occurs primarily in its programming and way of working. Professor Sankai says that â€Å"the suit detects faint biosignals on the surface of the skin when the human brain tries to move the exoskeleton†. When the Robot Suit detects these signals, it helps the user to move.HAL-5 can operate indoors and outdoors; altho ugh, it is strongly recommended to use this suit indoors until better batteries allow more prolonged use. One of the main advantages of this robot is the ability to change between two types of control: Cybernic Voluntary Control and Cybernic Autonomous Control. By using phase switching with the autonomous control function, the healthy function of a limb could be reproduced by the HAL. Based on this capability, it appears that the HAL would be effective for use in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from loss of nervous function in a limb. 4.System design The most visible part of the HAL-5 is the exoskeletal frame, which consists of a frame made of nickel molybdenum and an aluminum alloy. Moreover, it was strengthened by a plastic casing and the metal bars, which is strapped to the body and helps the user externally. The bars run along the lateral sides of the legs and arms. Additionally, there are several electric motors act as the HAL-5’s muscles, which have to provide powered assistance to the wearer’s limbs. Currently, the total weight of the Hybrid Assistive Limb suit is 23kg, but man, wearing this device, does not feel any weight.It happens because the suit can support its own weight. Also, HAL-5 has a small pouch attached to a belt on the suit that contains a computer, Controller Unit, which controls the suit and a Wi-Fi communications system. The bindings at the shoulders take the form of backpack-like straps to attach the battery and Controller Unit. The frame also has soles, which are used to help stabilize balance, at the ends of the leg bars to eliminate the need for the user to support the weight of the suit. All of these details you can see from fig. 3, and fig. 4. Fig. 3. and Fig. 4.System architecture with sensors, battery and Controller Unit 5. Sensors and actuation mechanisms On the side of the joint nearest the corpus, two sensors are placed upon the skin. One sensor is placed over the muscle group, which causes the limb to extend, and one on the surface of muscle group, which causes the limb to flex. Each sensor consists of two electrodes which measure potential difference between them as a function of the nerve impulses, which cause the contraction of muscle fibers. These sensors first filter and then amplify the signals of passing such kind of nerve impulses.Also, the suit is powered by both nickel-metal hydride and lithium battery packs. Full charge of this battery lasts approximately for 2 hours and 40 minutes, with both the upper and lower body parts in action. Cyberdyne Inc. has announced that one part of its research is focused on increasing this time to about 5 hours. HAL-5 Speficications: | Height | 1600mm| Weight | Full Body Type: 23kg | | Lower body: 15kg| Battery | Drive Charged battery ( AC100V)| Continuous operating time | Approximately 2 hours 40 minutes| Motions Daily Activities | Standing up from a chair| Walking| | Climbing up and down stairs| | Hold and lift heavy objects up to 80k g| Cybernic Control:| Cybernic Voluntary Control| | Cybernic Autonomous Control| Indoor and outdoor| ? | 6. Conclusion In conclusion we can consider that the wearable-type robot HAL-5 is a tool with enormous potential for improving quality of life. In addition, the HAL-5’s frame can incorporate recycled materials, which can include fiberglass, certain plastics, silicon, aluminum, and steel. Such materials can also be recoverable for recycling into other products.Improvements in battery efficiency and frame weight would reduce energy requirements, and in the case of outdoor use, energy requirements could be offset by solar cells on the frame. So, the program is currently being continuing and developing. Sankai says that one of his main aims is â€Å"to create technologies that are designed for the benefit of humankind rather than for destructive purposes. † For example, he refused offers from the U. S. Department of Defense in Washington DC and the government of South K orea to work on a robot for military use. This adds more confidence in the good intentions of professor Sankai.

Friday, November 8, 2019

pregnant women and smoking essays

pregnant women and smoking essays Maternal smoking is the number one modifiable risk factor in the prevention of low birth weight. (www.beststart.org) Is pregnant women and smoking a harmful disease to new born babies? Yes, but no, many women that do smoke have many problems with their babies. But there is a positive for some women that smoke, some women cannot handle a baby over a certain weight, and smoking can keep a babies birth weight down. Pregnant women and smoking can go both ways, it just depends on the reason why. Many women and even men do not understand that even second hand smoke is harmful to unborn babies. Second hand smoke is proven to be directly associated with low birth weight, premature births, miscarriages, and other complications. (www.beststart.org) New born infants born to mothers who smoke are at a high risk for serious complications related to premature birth and a low birth weight. Because of this pregnant mothers are advised during their pregnancy to refrain from smoking. While it is common knowledge that smoking during pregnancy is not healthy, it is also a common belief that there is an exception to every rule. Recently a family friend, named Lisa was expecting the birth of her fifth child. Lisa, a long time smoker was built with a small frame. She was five foot two one hundred pounds with absolutely no hips. Contrary to the popular no smoking during pregnancy rule, during each of her five pregnancies Lisa was advised to continue smoking. Four different doctors informed her that her body was too petite to handle the birth of a baby weighing more than seven pounds. In fact even with the possibility of a C section her body would undergo more stress from having a big baby than it would if she continued smoking during her pregnancy. There have been many studies that have linked smoking to very dangerous health risks. As a result of these studies a patient is never advis ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Letter to Medevil Son essays

Letter to Medevil Son essays To my child. Charles I would like to tell you what my life has been like in the last couple of years. Being a citizen and family and land within the walls of Aberwyven I have responsibilities. Some of my responsibilities include fighting for my lord. Lately, I have been busy with the war. I am sure by now you must know that because of the fact that I am a citizen of Aberwyven and because I serve King Edward. I will just tell you that being a citizen in these times it is your duty to sever your lord and king. Many men from our town have had to leave their wives and children just to fight along side of me. I am anxious to come home to you. As you know when I come home I will come home to serve my lord and to continue with my work. As a merchant I always have things to do. My job includes stocking my store, and keeping it open so that I can also allow anybody to buy what he or she may need. I am traveling when I have a chance so that I can get new ideas. Furthermore, I am willing to except new ideas so that I am able to get more money and get more food. In these days it is rare that anybody will move from the social class in which they are born into. This is a big part especially in the lives of surfs and slaves. However because of the fact that I own land and my own store it is possible for me to gain more money. This is very unlikely though that this money will be able to be saved. In recent times it is very difficult to be able to have long periods of easy living. Son it is important that you have an idea of other people who you grow up to know. Some other people that you may come into contact later in your life are knights and kings. Though there are still other types of workers like surfs, blacksmiths, and monks. All of these people are crucial in the life of a town. Son there is another sad story that I must tell to you. That is that I have received a letter that in one more years time I will ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Hispanics In US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hispanics In US - Essay Example Racial abuse is a serious offence and should be dealt with serious punishments. In US the Hispanics are the largest immigrants. They migrated from the neighboring country Mexico And other Latin countries. Since these countries were not as developed as US and their socio-economic structure was on decline, many of the citizens were forced to migrate to US. In US, Hispanic immigrants have less education and less skill set, even among Hispanic women also. Apart from other groups these Hispanics have less human capital, so they have very less employers in their group and it is indirectly affecting their economic status and social environment also. Gender inequality was always prevailed among the Hispanics. Since they were not the major community and further more they were immigrants, they had to face the brunt of racial abuse. One of the reasons of racial abuse was, fear among the US citizens was losing the jobs to these immigrants. Since the Hispanics were ready to work for fewer wages there always lies the danger of losing jobs. Most of the Hispanics were less unskilled or semi-skilled. This makes them of losing jobs very often. This brings more responsibilities on average Hispanic women. Now she has to work outside to meet the daily requirements and look after the family. In Hispanic community, very less skill level people are there and job

Saturday, November 2, 2019

GDP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GDP - Essay Example increases real GDP demanded, and an increase in net taxes decreases real GDP demanded, other things remain constant. 4) Give short definitions of both the IS and LM curves and briefly explain how this model can help economists understand the interaction between the goods and money markets. Show how the IS and LM curves can be derived and explain how equilibrium is reached. The IS curve describes the combination of interest rates and output that clear the goods and services market in the short run. The goods and services market is said to clear when spending by consumers, firms, the government (and foreigners if an open economy) on goods and services equals the production of goods and services. The basic equation for the IS curve in a closed economy is closely related to the national income accounting identity Y = C+I+G, where Y is GDP The LM curve summarizes all the combinations of income and interest rates that equate money demand and money supply. The LM curve in conjunction with the IS curve will help pin down the interest rate in the economy. It is well known that establishing the elasticity of the IS and LM curves provides basic information about the predicted outcome of fiscal and monetary policies in a given model, with a combination of inelastic LM and elastic IS implying fiscal crowding out and potent monetary policy, whereas elastic LM and inelastic IS lead to potent fiscal and weak monetary effects. Estimation of these locuses 5) Distinguish between monetary base and broad money. Explain what role commercial banks have in the creation of broad money. What implications does this have for monetary control The monetary base consists of the liabilities of central bank of a country which...Show how the IS and LM curves can be derived and explain how equilibrium is reached. 6) Distinguish between different kinds of unemployment. What kind of unemployment can be reduced by supply side policies and what specifically could those policies be Use a diagram to explain these policies 1) Using the Keynesian model of injections and withdrawals in the goods market, explain what happens if people decides to save more at any level of income. Make sure you express the process of adjustment and assess what implications the results may have for policy.